Contextualizing Period 5 - AP U.S. History
- What years does Period 5 in AP US History encompass?
- 1844 to 1877. Spans from manifest destiny through Reconstruction's end.
- What significant event in 1848 increased westward migration?
- California Gold Rush. Discovery of gold sparked massive migration to California.
- What act prohibited Chinese labor immigration to the U.S. in 1882?
- Chinese Exclusion Act. First race-based immigration restriction in U.S. history.
- Which President faced impeachment for violating the Tenure of Office Act?
- Andrew Johnson. Impeached for removing Edwin Stanton as War Secretary.
- Identify the 1860s legislation that aimed to provide public lands for railroads.
- Pacific Railway Acts. Subsidized transcontinental railroad construction with land grants.
- What was the primary aim of the Freedmen's Bureau?
- Assist freed slaves and poor whites. Federal agency providing education, food, and legal aid.
- Which President's administration was marred by the Credit Mobilier scandal?
- Ulysses S. Grant. Railroad construction company's corrupt financial schemes.
- Identify the speech by Lincoln reaffirming American democratic ideals.
- Gettysburg Address. Brief speech redefined war as preserving democratic ideals.
- What was the primary objective of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?
- Allow popular sovereignty to decide slavery. Stephen Douglas's plan repealed Missouri Compromise line.
- Which group was known for using violence to oppose Reconstruction?
- Ku Klux Klan. White supremacist organization terrorizing African Americans.
- What was the goal of the Homestead Act of 1862?
- Encourage Western settlement. Provided 160 acres free to settlers meeting requirements.
- Identify the term for Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction.
- Carpetbaggers. Derogatory Southern term for Northern opportunists.
- Which amendment granted citizenship to all persons born in the U.S.?
- 14th Amendment. Ratified 1868, defined citizenship and equal protection.
- Identify the period of rebuilding and transformation in the South post-Civil War.
- Reconstruction. Federal effort to rebuild South and protect freedpeople.
- What was the primary focus of the Wilmot Proviso?
- Ban slavery in territories acquired from Mexico. Proposed by David Wilmot to prevent slavery's expansion.
- Which treaty ended the Mexican-American War?
- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Ceded Mexican territory to U.S. for $15 million.
- What was a major consequence of the Compromise of 1877?
- End of Reconstruction. Hayes became president, federal troops left South.
- Identify the war between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848.
- Mexican-American War. Resulted from Texas annexation and territorial disputes.
- Identify the system that replaced slavery in the South, keeping African Americans in economic dependency.
- Sharecropping. Labor system trapping farmers in cycles of debt.
- What was the significance of the Morrill Act of 1862?
- Established land-grant colleges. Created agricultural and mechanical colleges nationwide.
- What event is considered the immediate cause of the Civil War?
- Election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. Republican victory triggered Southern secession fears.
- Identify the movement that sought to improve conditions for workers and farmers in the late 19th century.
- Populism. Political movement advocating for common people's interests.
- Identify the primary method used by Southern states to disenfranchise African Americans post-Reconstruction.
- Poll taxes and literacy tests. Legal barriers circumventing 15th Amendment protections.
- What was the primary goal of the Emancipation Proclamation?
- Free slaves in Confederate states. War measure to weaken Confederacy, not moral crusade.
- What novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe intensified Northern opposition to slavery?
- Uncle Tom's Cabin. 1852 novel dramatized slavery's horrors for Northern readers.
- Identify the 1857 Supreme Court decision that denied citizenship to African Americans.
- Dred Scott v. Sandford. Ruled African Americans couldn't be citizens or sue.
- Which 1850 legislation aimed to ease tensions between free and slave states?
- Compromise of 1850. Henry Clay's package deal addressing territorial slavery.
- Which political party emerged in the 1850s opposing the expansion of slavery?
- Republican Party. Formed from anti-slavery Whigs and Free-Soilers.
- Identify the Supreme Court case that upheld 'separate but equal' segregation.
- Plessy v. Ferguson. 1896 decision legitimized legal racial segregation.
- What amendment granted African American men the right to vote?
- 15th Amendment. Ratified 1870, prohibited voting discrimination by race.
- What amendment abolished slavery in the United States?
- 13th Amendment. Ratified 1865, ended slavery except as criminal punishment.
- Identify the type of farming that became prevalent in the South post-Civil War.
- Tenant farming. Farming system where landowners provided land for crops.
- What system was created to regulate the money supply and banking in the U.S. in 1863?
- National Banking System. Centralized banking to finance Civil War efforts.
- Which battle is considered the turning point of the Civil War?
- Battle of Gettysburg. July 1863 Union victory ended Lee's invasion attempt.
- What was the result of the Supreme Court decision in Ex parte Milligan?
- Limited military jurisdiction over civilians. Protected civilians from military tribunals during wartime.
- What laws were enacted to enforce racial segregation in the South?
- Jim Crow Laws. State laws enforcing racial separation after Reconstruction.
- What was the purpose of the Black Codes in the South?
- Restrict African Americans' freedom. Post-war laws limiting freedpeople's civil rights.
- Identify the law that required the return of runaway slaves.
- Fugitive Slave Act. Part of Compromise of 1850, increased antislavery sentiment.
- What was the main goal of the Radical Republicans during Reconstruction?
- Ensure civil rights for freed slaves. Congressional faction demanding harsh Southern punishment.