Comparison in Period 2 - AP U.S. History
- What was the main reason for the founding of Georgia?
- As a buffer against Spanish Florida and a debtor's colony. James Oglethorpe's dual purpose of defense and social reform.
- Name the economic system where colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country.
- Mercantilism. Colonies provided raw materials and bought manufactured goods.
- Identify the primary cash crop of the Southern colonies.
- Tobacco. Grown extensively in Virginia and Maryland for export profits.
- What was the primary religious movement in the colonies during the 1730s and 1740s?
- The Great Awakening. Evangelical revival emphasized personal salvation and emotion.
- What was the primary economic activity in the New England colonies?
- Shipbuilding and fishing. Rocky soil and coastal location made these industries most viable.
- Which document established the first written framework of government in the American colonies?
- Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. 1639 document created the first constitutional government in America.
- Which colony was known for its religious tolerance and diversity?
- Pennsylvania. Founded by William Penn as a haven for Quakers and others.
- What was the primary purpose of the Dominion of New England?
- To centralize control over the New England colonies. 1686 attempt by James II to consolidate colonial administration.
- What was the outcome of the Salem Witch Trials?
- Increased skepticism of witchcraft accusations. 1692-1693 hysteria ended with public rejection of spectral evidence.
- Identify the primary export of the Chesapeake colonies.
- Tobacco. Virginia and Maryland's most profitable agricultural export.
- What was the main goal of the Half-Way Covenant in New England?
- To increase church membership. Allowed partial membership for unconverted children of saints.
- Which colony was founded as a haven for English Catholics?
- Maryland. Lord Baltimore established it as a Catholic refuge colony.
- Which colony was known for its strict adherence to Puritan beliefs?
- Massachusetts Bay Colony. John Winthrop's 'city upon a hill' exemplified Puritan ideals.
- Identify the colonial region known for its religious diversity and ethnic pluralism.
- Middle Colonies. New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware welcomed many groups.
- What was the result of the Glorious Revolution in the American colonies?
- Increased self-governance and the end of the Dominion of New England. 1688 English revolution restored colonial charters and autonomy.
- What system granted land to settlers in Virginia for each indentured servant they brought?
- Headright system. Granted 50 acres per person to encourage immigration and labor.
- Which colony was originally part of Pennsylvania?
- Delaware. Separated from Pennsylvania in 1704 under Penn's control.
- Which colonial region had the most urban development?
- Middle Colonies. Cities like Philadelphia and New York became major trade centers.
- Which colonial region was most associated with plantation agriculture?
- Southern Colonies. Large-scale tobacco and rice cultivation dominated the economy.
- Which European country primarily settled in Florida during Period 2?
- Spain. Established permanent settlements starting with St. Augustine in 1565.
- Which colony was established as a refuge for Quakers?
- Pennsylvania. William Penn's 'holy experiment' welcomed persecuted Quakers.
- Which colonial region had the most diverse economy?
- Middle Colonies. Combined agriculture, commerce, and early manufacturing.
- What was the primary source of labor for New England farms?
- Family labor. Small farms relied on household members rather than servants.
- What was the dominant religion in the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
- Puritanism. Founded by Puritans seeking to create a 'city upon a hill.'
- Which group of colonies was characterized by a social hierarchy based on wealth and family status?
- Southern Colonies. Plantation system created distinct class divisions.
- What was the primary economic activity in the Middle Colonies?
- Grain farming and commerce. Rich soil and rivers supported diverse agricultural production.
- What was the primary economic activity of the French in Canada?
- Fur trading. New France focused on beaver pelts and native partnerships.
- What was the primary motivation for the French colonization of North America?
- Fur trade and economic gain. Economic opportunities rather than permanent settlement focused.
- What was the primary cause of the Pequot War?
- Conflicts over trade and territorial expansion. 1636-1638 war over Connecticut River valley control.
- Who was the leader of the Wampanoag during King Philip's War?
- Metacom (King Philip). Wampanoag sachem who led 1675-1676 war against colonists.
- What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts?
- To regulate colonial trade and enable England to collect taxes. Ensured colonial trade benefited England through restrictions.
- Which group sought to 'purify' the Church of England rather than separate from it?
- Puritans. Reformed Protestants who wanted to cleanse Anglican practices.
- What was the primary reason for the establishment of Rhode Island?
- Religious freedom and separation of church and state. Roger Williams founded it after banishment from Massachusetts.
- Which colony was founded by James Oglethorpe?
- Georgia. Established in 1732 as the last of the thirteen colonies.
- Which colony was originally founded by the Dutch?
- New York. New Amsterdam became New York after English conquest in 1664.
- What was the primary labor system in the Southern colonies before the widespread use of African slaves?
- Indentured servitude. Workers bound by contract for typically 4-7 years of service.
- Which event led to the collapse of the Dominion of New England?
- The Glorious Revolution. 1688 English revolution ended James II's authoritarian rule.
- What was the significance of the Mayflower Compact?
- It established self-governance for Plymouth Colony. Created the first democratic government document in America.