Colonial Society and Culture - AP U.S. History
- What was the primary role of colonial assemblies?
- Legislative governance. Colonial legislatures made laws and controlled local taxation.
- What was the headright system?
- Land grants to settlers for bringing indentured servants. Encouraged immigration by rewarding land for bringing workers.
- Which colonial region had the most diverse population?
- Middle Colonies. Attracted immigrants from many European countries and religions.
- Name a popular religious group in colonial Pennsylvania.
- Quakers. Pennsylvania welcomed this pacifist religious group.
- What was the Enlightenment?
- Intellectual movement emphasizing reason. 18th-century philosophy promoting science, reason, and natural rights.
- What was the role of women in colonial society?
- Domestic duties and child-rearing. Colonial women were expected to manage households and raise children.
- What was the Stono Rebellion?
- 1739 slave uprising in South Carolina. Largest slave revolt in colonial America before the Revolution.
- Which colony was established for debtors and prisoners?
- Georgia. Oglethorpe's charity colony for England's poor and imprisoned.
- Name a famous colonial American philosopher.
- Benjamin Franklin. Polymath who embodied Enlightenment ideals of reason and science.
- Identify the main economic activity in the Southern Colonies.
- Plantation agriculture. Large-scale farming using enslaved labor dominated the South.
- What was the main industry in colonial New Hampshire?
- Lumber. Dense forests provided timber for shipbuilding and export.
- What was the main religious group in colonial Massachusetts?
- Puritans. Dominated Massachusetts Bay Colony's religious and political life.
- Name an effect of the Great Awakening.
- Increased religious diversity. New denominations emerged, challenging established church authority.
- What was the main export of the Middle Colonies?
- Grain. Fertile soil made the region the colonial breadbasket.
- Who were the Puritans?
- Religious group seeking to purify Church of England. Wanted to reform Anglican Church practices and worship.
- What was the significance of the Mayflower Compact?
- First self-government agreement in America. Pilgrims agreed to create laws for the common good.
- Which colony was founded by the Pilgrims?
- Plymouth Colony. Pilgrims founded it in 1620 after signing the Mayflower Compact.
- Which colonial region was known for shipbuilding?
- New England. Abundant forests and skilled craftsmen made shipbuilding profitable.
- Who was William Penn?
- Founder of Pennsylvania. Quaker leader who established Pennsylvania as a tolerant society.
- Who was Anne Hutchinson?
- Religious dissenter in Massachusetts. Challenged Puritan authority, was banished for her beliefs.
- Name the colonial assembly known for early self-government.
- Virginia House of Burgesses. First elected assembly in English America, established 1619.
- Identify the economic policy that benefited the mother country.
- Mercantilism. Economic system designed to strengthen the mother country.
- What was the main purpose of the Navigation Acts?
- Regulate colonial trade. British laws controlling colonial commerce to benefit mother country.
- Identify the main port city in colonial South Carolina.
- Charleston. Major Atlantic trading center for rice and indigo exports.
- Which colony was founded as a haven for Quakers?
- Pennsylvania. William Penn founded Pennsylvania as a Quaker refuge.
- What was the Half-Way Covenant?
- Partial church membership in New England. Allowed children of church members to participate without conversion.
- What was the main purpose of colonial education?
- Religious instruction. Schools focused on teaching Bible reading and moral values.
- Identify the main religion in colonial Maryland.
- Catholicism. Lord Baltimore established it as a Catholic refuge.
- What was the primary reason for founding Georgia?
- Buffer against Spanish Florida. James Oglethorpe founded it as a military barrier in 1732.
- What cash crop was most important in colonial Virginia?
- Tobacco. Virginia's climate and soil were ideal for tobacco cultivation.
- What was the primary labor force in Southern plantations?
- Enslaved Africans. Large plantations required extensive labor for tobacco and rice.
- Who led the first successful English settlement in America?
- John Smith. Saved Jamestown from starvation with strict discipline and work rules.
- What was Bacon's Rebellion?
- 1676 uprising against colonial government in Virginia. Nathaniel Bacon led frontier settlers against Governor Berkeley.
- Who was Roger Williams?
- Founder of Rhode Island. Banished from Massachusetts, he promoted religious tolerance.
- What is mercantilism?
- Economic theory to increase wealth through trade. Colonies provided raw materials, bought finished goods from Britain.
- What was the Great Awakening?
- Religious revival movement. Swept through colonies in the 1730s-1740s, emphasizing personal faith.
- Who was Jonathan Edwards?
- Preacher during the Great Awakening. Famous for his fire-and-brimstone sermons about salvation.
- What was the Triangular Trade?
- Trade system between Europe, Africa, and America. Connected three continents through slave and commodity trade.
- What was the primary economic system of colonial New England?
- Subsistence farming and trade. Rocky soil limited farming, so trade and crafts were emphasized.