AP US Government and Politics Quiz
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CIVIL LIBERTIES AND CIVIL RIGHTS
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A state uses explicit racial categories in drawing voting districts; which scrutiny level should a court apply?
A
Rational basis review, because election administration is primarily a state function and racial classifications in districts are presumed permissible.
B
Intermediate scrutiny, because race is treated like sex; the state must show an important interest and a substantial relationship to district lines.
C
Strict scrutiny, because racial classifications are suspect; the state must prove a compelling interest and narrow tailoring in district design.
D
No scrutiny applies if the state claims compliance with federal law; courts must defer whenever the legislature cites the Voting Rights Act.
E
Strict scrutiny applies only to discrimination against minorities, not to any race-conscious districting intended to help minority representation.
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