Amendments: Right to Privacy - AP US Government and Politics

What is the significance of the case Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)?

It established the right to counsel in state trials. Extended right to counsel to all state criminal cases.
What case established the 'separate but equal' doctrine?

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). Upheld racial segregation if facilities were equal.
Identify the landmark decision that mandated desegregation in public schools.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Overturned 'separate but equal' doctrine in education.
What is the main purpose of the Due Process Clause in the 5th Amendment?

To protect individuals from abuse by the federal government. Ensures fair legal procedures and prevents government overreach.
What is the significance of Roe v. Wade (1973) in relation to privacy rights?

It recognized a woman's right to choose abortion. Established constitutional privacy right for reproductive decisions.
Identify the amendment that protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.

The 4th Amendment. Requires warrants or probable cause for searches and seizures.
Which amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment?

The 8th Amendment. Protects against inhumane punishments and treatment.
Which amendment addresses the right to a speedy and public trial?

The 6th Amendment. Prevents prolonged detention and ensures open proceedings.
In which amendment is the Equal Protection Clause found?

The 14th Amendment. Prohibits states from denying equal legal protection.
What case established the 'right to privacy' in the context of marital relations?

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965). Found privacy right in 'penumbras' of various amendments.
Which amendment prohibits excessive bail or fines?

The 8th Amendment. Prevents punitive financial penalties before conviction.
Which amendment protects against double jeopardy?

The 5th Amendment. Prevents being tried twice for the same crime.
Which amendment extends due process protections to actions by state governments?

The 14th Amendment. Applied due process protections to state-level government actions.
Which amendment addresses the quartering of soldiers in private homes?

The 3rd Amendment. Prevents forced housing of military personnel in homes.
What doctrine applies most of the Bill of Rights to the states?

The Incorporation Doctrine. Makes Bill of Rights protections apply to state governments too.
Which amendment provides protection against self-incrimination?

The 5th Amendment. Protects against being forced to testify against oneself.
What is the significance of the case Lawrence v. Texas (2003)?

It invalidated laws prohibiting consensual sodomy. Protected private sexual conduct between consenting adults.
What is the significance of the case Mapp v. Ohio (1961)?

It applied the exclusionary rule to the states. Made illegally obtained evidence inadmissible in state courts.
What is the importance of the case Loving v. Virginia (1967)?

It struck down laws banning interracial marriage. Protected marriage as fundamental right regardless of race.
What case emphasized the importance of informing defendants of their legal rights?

Miranda v. Arizona (1966). Required police to inform suspects of constitutional rights.
Which Supreme Court case extended privacy rights to contraceptive use by unmarried couples?

Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972). Extended contraceptive access beyond married couples.
Identify the amendment that guarantees the right to legal counsel.

The 6th Amendment. Ensures defendants have adequate legal representation.
What is the significance of the case Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)?

It legalized same-sex marriage nationwide. Extended marriage equality to all same-sex couples.
What is the significance of the case McDonald v. Chicago (2010)?

It incorporated the 2nd Amendment to the states. Applied individual gun rights to state and local laws.
What is the primary focus of the 9th Amendment?

To protect rights not specifically enumerated in the Constitution. Acknowledges rights exist beyond those explicitly listed.

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