Psychodynamic and Humanistic Theories of Personality - AP Psychology
- What is the primary focus of psychodynamic theories of personality?
- Unconscious processes influencing behavior. Emphasizes hidden mental forces shaping thoughts and actions.
- Which humanistic theorist emphasized the importance of self-concept?
- Carl Rogers. Developed person-centered therapy focusing on self-perception.
- What is the term for unconscious processes that distort reality to reduce anxiety?
- Defense mechanisms. Unconscious strategies that protect against psychological threats.
- What is the primary goal of client-centered therapy?
- Facilitate personal growth and self-discovery. Rogers' therapeutic approach emphasizing acceptance and empathy.
- During which psychosexual stage does the Oedipus complex occur?
- Phallic stage. Third stage (3-6 years) when children develop attraction to opposite-sex parent.
- What is the opposite of the life instinct in Freud's theory?
- Thanatos (death instinct). Destructive drive toward aggression and self-destruction.
- What is the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
- Self-actualization. Peak need involving realizing one's full creative and moral potential.
- What is the main criticism of Freud's theories?
- Lack of empirical support. Theories are difficult to test scientifically and objectively.
- What are the three components of Freud's model of personality?
- Id, Ego, Superego. Three-part structural model representing different aspects of the mind.
- Which Freudian stage involves the resolution of the Oedipus complex?
- Phallic stage. Third psychosexual stage where complex is typically resolved.
- What is the defense mechanism of transforming unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable actions?
- Sublimation. Channels inappropriate impulses into positive, constructive activities.
- What is the key concept of Carl Rogers' theory of personality?
- Self-concept. Individual's overall perception and understanding of themselves.
- Which theory emphasizes the role of free will in shaping personality?
- Humanistic theory. Believes individuals can choose their actions and shape destiny.
- Identify the stage where toilet training occurs according to Freud.
- Anal stage. Second stage (18 months-3 years) involving bowel control.
- Which psychodynamic theorist introduced the concept of 'basic anxiety'?
- Karen Horney. Neo-Freudian who focused on childhood insecurity and anxiety.
- What does Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggest about motivation?
- Motivation progresses through levels of needs. Lower needs must be satisfied before higher needs become motivating.
- Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts to others?
- Projection. Unconsciously assigns one's own traits to other people.
- Identify the humanistic theory concept that involves the actualizing tendency.
- Self-actualization. Rogers' term for the inherent drive toward personal growth.
- Which psychologist introduced the concept of 'inferiority complex'?
- Alfred Adler. Neo-Freudian who emphasized social factors and striving for superiority.
- Which psychodynamic theorist emphasized social and cultural factors?
- Karen Horney. Neo-Freudian who challenged male-centered psychoanalytic concepts.
- What is the term for the innate drive to fulfill one's potential?
- Self-actualization. Maslow's term for reaching one's highest potential and creativity.
- What is the primary function of defense mechanisms?
- Protect the ego from anxiety. Shields consciousness from threatening or anxiety-provoking thoughts.
- What is the term for the individual's perception of self in humanistic theory?
- Self-concept. Rogers' central concept of how people view themselves.
- Identify the founder of psychoanalytic theory.
- Sigmund Freud. Austrian neurologist who developed psychoanalysis in the late 1800s.
- Who developed the hierarchy of needs concept?
- Abraham Maslow. American psychologist who created the famous pyramid of human needs.
- What is the role of the ego according to Freud?
- Mediates between id, superego, and reality. Reality principle governs this rational, balancing component.
- Identify the concept of 'archetypes' in Jung's theory.
- Universal, symbolic images in the collective unconscious. Jung's inherited, universal patterns shared across all humanity.
- Identify the process of becoming aware of one's internal experiences in humanistic therapy.
- Self-awareness. Developing conscious understanding of one's thoughts and feelings.
- What defense mechanism involves redirecting emotions to a safer object?
- Displacement. Transfers feelings from threatening target to less threatening substitute.
- What is the main goal of psychoanalytic therapy?
- Bring unconscious material to consciousness. Makes repressed conflicts and memories available to conscious awareness.
- Which psychologist is associated with the concept of unconditional positive regard?
- Carl Rogers. Humanistic theorist who emphasized acceptance without conditions.
- What is the main focus of humanistic theories of personality?
- Personal growth and self-actualization. Emphasizes human potential and positive psychological development.
- Which psychodynamic theorist emphasized birth order's impact on personality?
- Alfred Adler. Individual psychology founder who studied sibling relationships' effects.
- What is the defense mechanism characterized by reverting to earlier behaviors?
- Regression. Returns to earlier developmental stage behaviors when stressed.
- Which psychosexual stage involves fixation on oral activities?
- Oral stage. First stage (0-18 months) focused on mouth as pleasure source.
- What is the term for the conscious, rational part of the personality?
- Ego. Operates on reality principle, making rational decisions.
- Identify the defense mechanism characterized by refusing to accept reality.
- Denial. Unconsciously blocks out painful or threatening information.
- What is the main focus of Carl Jung's analytical psychology?
- Collective unconscious and archetypes. Jung's theory emphasizing shared human symbols and experiences.
- In Freud's theory, what is the term for life instinct?
- Eros. Drive toward survival, reproduction, and life-preserving behaviors.