Positive Psychology - AP Psychology
- What does the 'A' in the PERMA model stand for?
- Achievement. Accomplishment for its own sake, not just for other benefits.
- Which psychologist is most associated with Positive Psychology?
- Martin Seligman. Founded the field and developed the PERMA model.
- Identify a key goal of Positive Psychology interventions.
- To increase individual well-being and life satisfaction. Moves beyond treating problems to building positive qualities.
- What is a 'character strength' in Positive Psychology?
- A positive trait reflected in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. VIA Survey identifies 24 strengths across six virtue categories.
- What is 'optimism' in Positive Psychology?
- A general expectation that good things will happen. Seligman distinguishes between learned optimism and pessimism.
- Name one positive outcome of 'flow'.
- Increased personal development. Flow states promote skill mastery and psychological growth.
- What is 'mindfulness' in Positive Psychology?
- A state of active, open attention to the present. Jon Kabat-Zinn's definition emphasizes non-judgmental awareness.
- What is 'self-compassion' in Positive Psychology?
- Being kind to oneself in instances of pain or failure. Kristin Neff's concept of treating oneself with kindness.
- Identify a characteristic of 'eudaimonic' well-being.
- Living in accordance with one's true self. Authentic happiness comes from personal values and purpose.
- What is the 'broaden-and-build' theory?
- Positive emotions broaden awareness and build resources. Barbara Fredrickson's theory on positive emotions' benefits.
- What is 'flow' in Positive Psychology?
- A state of complete absorption in an activity. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi's concept of optimal experience.
- What is 'subjective well-being'?
- An individual's self-assessment of their happiness and life satisfaction. Combines emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of happiness.
- Which emotion is central to the 'broaden-and-build' theory?
- Positive emotions. Joy, love, and serenity expand thinking and build lasting resources.
- What is the definition of Positive Psychology?
- The study of strengths that enable individuals and communities to thrive. Focuses on human flourishing rather than just treating mental illness.
- What is 'gratitude' in Positive Psychology?
- A feeling of thankfulness and appreciation. A positive emotion that enhances well-being and relationships.
- What is 'eudaimonia' in Positive Psychology?
- A concept of happiness focusing on meaning and self-realization. Aristotelian concept emphasizing virtue and meaningful living.
- What does the 'R' in the PERMA model stand for?
- Relationships. Social connections are fundamental to human well-being.
- Identify a benefit of altruism.
- Increased life satisfaction. Helper's high phenomenon shows mutual benefits of giving.
- Identify a method to practice savoring.
- Mindfully engaging in enjoyable activities. Deliberate attention enhances pleasure and meaning from experiences.
- Identify a positive outcome of self-compassion.
- Increased emotional resilience. Self-kindness builds capacity to handle future setbacks.
- What is 'altruism' in Positive Psychology?
- The selfless concern for the well-being of others. Acts of kindness activate reward centers in the brain.
- What does the 'P' in the PERMA model stand for?
- Positive Emotion. Includes joy, serenity, interest, hope, pride, and amusement.
- Identify a primary focus of Positive Psychology.
- Enhancing well-being and happiness. Shifts focus from pathology to building positive qualities.
- What does the 'M' in the PERMA model stand for?
- Meaning. Refers to purpose and significance in life.
- What is the 'hedonic treadmill' concept?
- The tendency to return to a stable level of happiness despite changes. People adapt to positive changes, returning to baseline happiness.
- Identify a benefit of practicing gratitude.
- Improved emotional well-being. Regular practice increases happiness and life satisfaction.
- Which theory emphasizes the building of personal strengths?
- Strengths-based theory. Focuses on what people do well rather than deficits.
- Identify a benefit of practicing mindfulness.
- Reduced stress and enhanced focus. Present-moment awareness reduces rumination and anxiety.
- What is the 'PERMA' model?
- A model of well-being: Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, Achievement. Seligman's framework for the five essential elements of flourishing.
- What does 'post-traumatic growth' refer to?
- Positive change experienced as a result of adversity. Tedeschi and Calhoun's research on benefits from trauma.
- What does the 'E' in the PERMA model stand for?
- Engagement. Refers to deep involvement and flow experiences.
- Identify a method to increase 'flow'.
- Engaging in activities that match skill level and challenge. Balance between challenge and skill creates optimal experience.
- Identify a strategy to counteract the hedonic treadmill.
- Practicing gratitude and savoring. These practices help maintain elevated well-being over time.
- Identify a component of subjective well-being.
- Life satisfaction. Overall judgment of one's quality of life and contentment.
- Identify a characteristic of post-traumatic growth.
- Enhanced personal strength. Trauma can lead to increased wisdom and life appreciation.
- Identify a key element of character strengths.
- They are universally valued across cultures. Research shows these traits exist across all human societies.
- What does 'resilience' mean in Positive Psychology?
- The ability to recover from adversity. Capacity to bounce back and grow stronger from challenges.
- Identify a benefit of optimism.
- Improved physical health. Positive expectations reduce stress and boost immune function.
- What is 'savoring' in Positive Psychology?
- The practice of appreciating and enhancing positive experiences. Fred Bryant's research on amplifying positive experiences.
- Identify a way to enhance resilience.
- Developing strong social connections. Social support provides resources during difficult times.