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Practice Test 3 - AP Physics 2

20 questions. Answer them in any order, then submit to see your score and every explanation.

  1. A sealed, flexible balloon contains an ideal gas at constant external pressure. The amount of gas is increased from nn to 2n2n while pressure and temperature remain constant. Which statement correctly describes the new volume V2V_2 compared to V1V_1?
  2. A vacuum pump removes gas from a rigid container while the remaining particles keep the same average speed. Which statement best explains the pressure change?
  3. Two identical loudspeakers emit coherent sound waves in phase. A listener stands where the path-length difference from the speakers is ΔL=1.5λ\Delta L=1.5\lambda. Assuming equal amplitudes, which interference is produced at the listener's location?
  4. A 200 g200\ \text{g} sample of water at 25∘C25^\circ\text{C} is poured into an insulated container holding 100 g100\ \text{g} of water at 75∘C75^\circ\text{C}. Which statement best describes the thermal energy flow as the water reaches equilibrium?
  5. A 0.10 kg0.10\,\text{kg} metal block at 100∘C100^\circ\text{C} is dropped into 0.50 kg0.50\,\text{kg} of water at 20∘C20^\circ\text{C} in an insulated calorimeter. The block is fully submerged and the system is left until a single final temperature is reached. Which statement best describes the thermal energy flow during the approach to equilibrium?
  6. An electron in a Bohr atom can occupy only n=1,2,3,4n=1,2,3,4 (forbidden between). Which choice correctly links orbit change and photon behavior?
  7. Two coherent slits produce an interference pattern. One slit is partially covered so its transmitted wave amplitude decreases, but the wavelength and geometry are unchanged. What happens to the locations of the bright fringes?
  8. An ideal 10 V10\,\text{V} battery connects to a parallel section between junctions J and K. In Branch 1, a resistor R1=2 ΩR_1=2\,\Omega is in series with R2=2 ΩR_2=2\,\Omega. In Branch 2, a single resistor R3=4 ΩR_3=4\,\Omega. The branches rejoin at K. Which statement correctly compares the currents in Branch 1 and Branch 2?
  9. A −3.0 μC-3.0\,\mu\text{C} charge is moved from point CC at VC=+5 VV_C=+5\,\text{V} to point DD at VD=+25 VV_D=+25\,\text{V}. The charge is negative, and the final potential is higher than the initial potential. As the charge moves from CC to DD, the electric potential energy of the charge _____?
  10. A charge q=−2.0 μCq=-2.0\,\mu\text{C} is moved from point X where VX=−5 VV_X=-5\,\text{V} to point Y where VY=−35 VV_Y=-35\,\text{V} in an electrostatic field. As the charge moves from X to Y, the electric potential energy _____.
  11. In the single loop shown, a 12 V12\ \text{V} battery (positive terminal encountered first) and a 6 V6\ \text{V} battery (negative terminal encountered first) are in series with R1=4 ΩR_1=4\ \Omega and R2=2 ΩR_2=2\ \Omega. Conventional current II is clockwise. Traverse the loop clockwise; take a rise as +E+\mathcal{E} across a battery from −- to ++ and a drop as −IR-IR across each resistor in the direction of II. Which equation correctly represents the loop?
  12. Two separate circuits use identical batteries and identical capacitors, but Circuit 1 has resistor RR and Circuit 2 has resistor 2R2R; both capacitors start uncharged and are charging. Which statement best compares the initial currents at t=0+t=0^+?
  13. A student proposes a cyclic device that absorbs 100 J100\,\text{J} from a single thermal reservoir at 300 K300\,\text{K} and converts all of it into 100 J100\,\text{J} of work each cycle. The student claims the process is spontaneous once started. Which statement best explains why this proposal fails?
  14. A sinusoidal wave in a slinky has wavelength λ\lambda and amplitude AA. The source is adjusted so the frequency increases while the slinky's tension and mass density stay constant. Which statement best describes the wave speed?
  15. A circular loop of radius 4.0 cm4.0\ \text{cm} lies in the plane of the page and carries a clockwise current of 2.0 A2.0\ \text{A}. Which statement best describes the magnetic field direction at the center of the loop?
  16. A +2.0 μC+2.0\,\mu\text{C} charge moves from point AA at VA=+30 VV_A=+30\,\text{V} to point BB at VB=+10 VV_B=+10\,\text{V} in a region where electric potential is defined. The charge's sign is positive, and the final potential is lower than the initial potential. As the charge moves from AA to BB, how does the electric potential energy of the charge change?
  17. Light passing through a double slit produces interference fringes on a screen, but the same light also ejects electrons from a metal only when its frequency exceeds a threshold. Classical physics cannot explain both continuous interference and frequency-threshold emission. The phenomenon demonstrates that light is best modeled as what?
  18. A longitudinal sound wave travels through air at constant speed. If the amplitude of the pressure variation is decreased, which statement best describes the wave's speed?
  19. An X-ray beam with initial wavelength λ\lambda scatters from electrons at rest. For one detector at 30∘30^\circ, the scattered wavelength is λ+Δλ\lambda+\Delta\lambda (a measured increase). Which conclusion about light is supported by the observation?
  20. A gas discharge produces an emission spectrum with only a few colored lines. Which statement best explains why only those wavelengths appear?

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