Newton's Second Law - AP Physics 1

1. Identify the SI unit for mass.

   Kilogram (kg). Base SI unit for the amount of matter in an object.

2. If force is zero, what is the state of motion according to Newton's Second Law?

   No acceleration (constant velocity). Zero force means zero acceleration, so velocity remains constant.

3. Determine mass of an object with $25 \text{ N}$ force and $5 \text{ m/s}^2$ acceleration.

   $5 \text{ kg}$. Using $m = F/a$: $m = 25/5 = 5 \text{ kg}$.

4. What is the effect of zero net force on an object's motion?

   Constant velocity. Zero net force means zero acceleration, so velocity stays constant.

5. What is the relationship between force and acceleration in $F = ma$?

   Directly proportional. Greater force produces greater acceleration when mass is constant.

6. Find force if $m = 12 \text{ kg}$ and $a = 2 \text{ m/s}^2$.

   $24 \text{ N}$. Using $F = ma$: $F = 12 \times 2 = 24 \text{ N}$.

7. What does the symbol $a$ represent in $F = ma$?

   Acceleration. The rate of change of velocity, measured in $\text{m/s}^2$.

8. Calculate mass of object if $F = 40 \text{ N}$ and $a = 4 \text{ m/s}^2$.

   $10 \text{ kg}$. Using $m = F/a$: $m = 40/4 = 10 \text{ kg}$.

9. Calculate acceleration of $15 \text{ kg}$ object with $75 \text{ N}$ force.

   $5 \text{ m/s}^2$. Using $a = F/m$: $a = 75/15 = 5 \text{ m/s}^2$.

10. What does the symbol $F$ represent in $F = ma$?

    Force. The net force applied to the object, measured in Newtons.

11. If force is tripled, what happens to acceleration (mass constant)?

    Triples. From $a = F/m$, tripling force triples acceleration.

12. State the effect of increasing mass on acceleration for constant force.

    Acceleration decreases. From $a = F/m$, larger denominator gives smaller result.

13. Calculate acceleration of $10 \text{ kg}$ object with $50 \text{ N}$ force.

    $5 \text{ m/s}^2$. Using $a = F/m$: $a = 50/10 = 5 \text{ m/s}^2$.

14. When does an object experience no net force according to Newton's Second Law?

    When at rest or constant velocity. Net force equals zero when acceleration is zero.

15. Calculate acceleration for $20 \text{ kg}$ object with $100 \text{ N}$ force.

    $5 \text{ m/s}^2$. Using $a = F/m$: $a = 100/20 = 5 \text{ m/s}^2$.

16. Determine the net force if $m = 4 \text{ kg}$ and $a = 2 \text{ m/s}^2$.

    $8 \text{ N}$. Using $F = ma$: $F = 4 \times 2 = 8 \text{ N}$.

17. Find the mass if $F = 9 \text{ N}$ and $a = 3 \text{ m/s}^2$.

    $3 \text{ kg}$. Using $m = F/a$: $m = 9/3 = 3 \text{ kg}$.

18. If mass is halved and force is constant, what happens to acceleration?

    Doubles. From $a = F/m$, halving mass doubles acceleration: $a = F/(m/2) = 2F/m$.

19. Calculate the mass: $F = 15 \text{ N}$, $a = 5 \text{ m/s}^2$.

    $3 \text{ kg}$. Using $m = F/a$: $m = 15/5 = 3 \text{ kg}$.

20. If two objects have different masses but same force, which has higher acceleration?

    Object with smaller mass. From $a = F/m$, smaller mass gives larger acceleration.

21. What is the relationship between mass and acceleration in $F = ma$?

    Inversely proportional. Greater mass produces smaller acceleration when force is constant.

22. If mass is doubled and force is constant, what happens to acceleration?

    Halves. From $a = F/m$, doubling mass halves acceleration.

23. Calculate force needed to accelerate $5 \text{ kg}$ object at $4 \text{ m/s}^2$.

    $20 \text{ N}$. Using $F = ma$: $F = 5 \times 4 = 20 \text{ N}$.

24. What is the formula for Newton's Second Law?

    $F = ma$. The fundamental equation relating net force, mass, and acceleration.

25. What happens to acceleration if both mass and force are doubled?

    Remains the same. From $a = F/m$, doubling both cancels out: $a = 2F/2m = F/m$.

26. Find the acceleration if $F = 20 \text{ N}$ and $m = 4 \text{ kg}$.

    $5 \text{ m/s}^2$. Using $a = F/m$: $a = 20/4 = 5 \text{ m/s}^2$.

27. Calculate the acceleration: $F = 10 \text{ N}$, $m = 2 \text{ kg}$.

    $5 \text{ m/s}^2$. Using $a = F/m$: $a = 10/2 = 5 \text{ m/s}^2$.

28. Identify the SI unit for acceleration.

    Meters per second squared ($\text{m/s}^2$). The rate of velocity change per unit time.

29. Find acceleration if $F = 18 \text{ N}$ and $m = 3 \text{ kg}$.

    $6 \text{ m/s}^2$. Using $a = F/m$: $a = 18/3 = 6 \text{ m/s}^2$.

30. Identify the SI unit for force.

    Newton (N). Equivalent to $\text{kg} \cdot \text{m/s}^2$ in base units.

31. What is the net force if acceleration is zero?

    Zero. From $F = ma$, zero acceleration means zero net force.

32. Calculate force for $3 \text{ kg}$ object with $6 \text{ m/s}^2$ acceleration.

    $18 \text{ N}$. Using $F = ma$: $F = 3 \times 6 = 18 \text{ N}$.

33. What does the symbol $m$ represent in $F = ma$?

    Mass. The amount of matter in the object, measured in kilograms.

34. Calculate the force: $m = 2 \text{ kg}$, $a = 3 \text{ m/s}^2$.

    $6 \text{ N}$. Using $F = ma$: $F = 2 \times 3 = 6 \text{ N}$.

35. State the effect of increasing force on acceleration for constant mass.

    Acceleration increases. From $a = F/m$, larger numerator gives larger result.

36. Find mass if $F = 30 \text{ N}$ and $a = 10 \text{ m/s}^2$.

    $3 \text{ kg}$. Using $m = F/a$: $m = 30/10 = 3 \text{ kg}$.

37. Calculate net force for $8 \text{ kg}$ object accelerating at $3 \text{ m/s}^2$.

    $24 \text{ N}$. Using $F = ma$: $F = 8 \times 3 = 24 \text{ N}$.

38. If net force is zero, what is the acceleration of the object?

    Zero. No net force means no change in velocity ($a = F/m = 0/m = 0$).

39. How does Newton's Second Law explain the effect of doubling mass on acceleration?

    Acceleration is halved. Mass inversely affects acceleration according to $a = F/m$.

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