Internal Structure and Density - AP Physics 1

1. Which has a higher density: gold or silver?

   Gold. Gold has density ~19,300 kg/m³ vs silver's ~10,500 kg/m³.

2. What is the density of a substance with 0.3 kg mass and 0.1 m³ volume?

   Density = 3 kg/m³. Apply $\rho = \frac{0.3}{0.1} = 3$ kg/m³.

3. Find the density of an object with mass 10 kg and volume 2 m³.

   Density = 5 kg/m³. Apply $\rho = \frac{m}{V} = \frac{10}{2} = 5$ kg/m³.

4. State the formula for pressure in terms of density, gravity, and height.

   Pressure = Density × Gravity × Height. Hydrostatic pressure formula relating fluid properties to depth.

5. What is the formula for mass given density and volume?

   Mass = Density × Volume. Rearranged density formula to solve for mass.

6. What is the density of a liquid with 0.5 kg mass and 500 mL volume?

   Density = 1 kg/L. Convert: 500 mL = 0.5 L, so $\rho = \frac{0.5}{0.5} = 1$ kg/L.

7. What is the SI unit of mass?

   Kilogram (kg). Standard International System unit for quantity of matter.

8. What is the formula for volume given mass and density?

   Volume = $\frac{\text{mass}}{\text{density}}$. Rearranged density formula to isolate volume.

9. Find the mass of water with volume 3 L and density 1 kg/L.

   Mass = 3 kg. Apply $m = \rho V = 1 \times 3 = 3$ kg.

10. Identify the unit of density in the SI system.

    Kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³). Standard International System unit for density measurements.

11. Which material has a greater density: lead or aluminum?

    Lead. Lead has density ~11,340 kg/m³ vs aluminum's ~2,700 kg/m³.

12. How does increasing the temperature affect the density of a solid?

    Generally decreases density. Thermal expansion reduces density with increased temperature.

13. State the relationship between density and buoyancy.

    Higher density objects sink; lower density objects float. Buoyant force depends on relative densities of object and fluid.

14. What is the density of a cube with 3 cm sides and 54 g mass?

    Density = 2 g/cm³. Volume = $3^3 = 27$ cm³, so $\rho = \frac{54}{27} = 2$ g/cm³.

15. Find the density of a substance with 50 g mass and 25 cm³ volume.

    Density = 2 g/cm³. Apply $\rho = \frac{50}{25} = 2$ g/cm³.

16. Identify the density of mercury.

    13,600 kg/m³. Very high density liquid metal used in barometers.

17. Find the volume of an object with mass 2 kg and density 4 kg/m³.

    Volume = 0.5 m³. Apply $V = \frac{m}{\rho} = \frac{2}{4} = 0.5$ m³.

18. What is the density of iron?

    7,870 kg/m³. Typical density of iron at room temperature.

19. What is the density of ethanol?

    789 kg/m³. Typical density of ethyl alcohol at room temperature.

20. Which has a higher density: ice or liquid water?

    Liquid water. Ice is less dense (~917 kg/m³) than liquid water.

21. Find the volume of a metal block with mass 1,200 kg and density 6,000 kg/m³.

    Volume = 0.2 m³. Apply $V = \frac{1200}{6000} = 0.2$ m³.

22. Identify the density of water at 4°C.

    1,000 kg/m³. Maximum density of water occurs at 4°C.

23. What is the effect of temperature on the density of a gas?

    Density decreases as temperature increases. Thermal expansion reduces mass per unit volume at higher temperatures.

24. What is the principle that explains buoyancy?

    Archimedes' Principle. Buoyant force equals weight of displaced fluid.

25. Identify the instrument used to measure the density of liquids.

    Hydrometer. Float-based device measuring liquid density via buoyancy.

26. What is the SI unit of volume?

    Cubic meter (m³). Standard International System unit for three-dimensional space.

27. What is the formula for density?

    Density = $\frac{\text{mass}}{\text{volume}}$. Mass per unit volume, fundamental relationship for material properties.

28. How does increasing pressure affect the density of a gas?

    Increases density. Compression reduces volume while maintaining mass.

29. Calculate the density of a liquid with mass 200 g and volume 250 mL.

    Density = 0.8 g/mL. Apply $\rho = \frac{200}{250} = 0.8$ g/mL.

30. What is the density of aluminum?

    2,700 kg/m³. Typical density of aluminum at room temperature.

31. Find the mass of an object with density 500 kg/m³ and volume 0.2 m³.

    Mass = 100 kg. Apply $m = \rho V = 500 \times 0.2 = 100$ kg.

32. Identify the density of air at sea level.

    Approximately 1.225 kg/m³. Standard density of dry air at sea level pressure.

33. Identify the density of copper.

    8,960 kg/m³. Typical density of copper at room temperature.

34. What is the density of a gas with mass 2 g and volume 1,000 cm³?

    Density = 0.002 g/cm³. Apply $\rho = \frac{2}{1000} = 0.002$ g/cm³.

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