Conservation of Linear Momentum - AP Physics 1

1. In a closed system, what can be said about the momentum before and after a collision?

   Momentum before equals momentum after. Conservation law requires momentum equality before and after.

2. Identify the formula representing the conservation of momentum in a collision.

   $m_1v_1 + m_2v_2 = m_1v_1' + m_2v_2'$. Mathematical expression of momentum conservation for two objects.

3. What kind of system is required for momentum conservation?

   Isolated system. No external forces acting on the system are required.

4. What is the impulse on a 10 kg object with a velocity change from 0 to 5 m/s?

   50 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $10(5) - 10(0) = 50$ kg·m/s.

5. State the formula for linear momentum.

   $p = mv$. The product of mass and velocity defines momentum.

6. What is the final velocity of two 5 kg objects colliding and sticking together if one moves at 4 m/s?

   2 m/s. Using conservation: $(5)(4) + (5)(0) = (10)v$, so $v = 2$ m/s.

7. Identify the variable representing velocity in momentum equations.

   $v$. Standard symbol for velocity in physics equations.

8. If an object's velocity doubles, what happens to its momentum?

   Momentum doubles. Momentum is proportional to velocity at constant mass.

9. What is the result of an elastic collision in terms of momentum?

   Momentum is conserved. Momentum conservation applies to all collision types.

10. Calculate the momentum of a 10 kg object at rest.

    0 kg·m/s. At rest means velocity is zero, so momentum is zero.

11. Identify the variable representing mass in momentum equations.

    $m$. Standard symbol for mass in physics equations.

12. How is impulse related to momentum?

    Impulse equals change in momentum. The impulse-momentum theorem connects these quantities.

13. What is the effect of an inelastic collision on the total kinetic energy?

    Total kinetic energy decreases. Some kinetic energy converts to other forms during collision.

14. What is the momentum of a 5 kg object moving at 10 m/s?

    50 kg·m/s. Using $p = mv$: $5 × 10 = 50$ kg·m/s.

15. Determine the momentum of a 2 kg object moving at -3 m/s.

    -6 kg·m/s. Negative velocity gives negative momentum: $2 × (-3)$.

16. Which law of motion is associated with momentum conservation?

    Newton's Third Law. Equal and opposite forces result in momentum conservation.

17. What quantity is conserved in all types of collisions?

    Momentum. Universal conservation law for all collision scenarios.

18. Find the final velocity of a 3 kg object with 9 kg·m/s momentum.

    3 m/s. Using $v = p/m$: $9/3 = 3$ m/s.

19. How does doubling the mass of an object affect its momentum, assuming constant velocity?

    Momentum doubles. Momentum is proportional to mass at constant velocity.

20. What is the impulse experienced by an object?

    Change in momentum. Impulse measures how momentum changes over time.

21. For a perfectly inelastic collision, what happens to the objects?

    They stick together. Objects combine and move together with shared velocity.

22. What is the principle of conservation of linear momentum?

    Total momentum remains constant in an isolated system. A fundamental law stating momentum is conserved without external forces.

23. What is the effect of external forces on a system's momentum?

    It can change the momentum. External forces can alter the system's total momentum.

24. Choose the term for momentum per unit mass.

    Velocity. Momentum divided by mass equals velocity ($p/m = v$).

25. What is the momentum of a stationary object?

    0 kg·m/s. Zero velocity means zero momentum since $p = mv$.

26. Identify the type of collision where kinetic energy is conserved.

    Elastic collision. Both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved in this collision type.

27. Determine the velocity change if a 4 kg object receives an impulse of 16 kg·m/s.

    4 m/s. Impulse equals change in momentum: $16/4 = 4$ m/s change.

28. Which principle states that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant?

    Conservation of momentum. Fundamental principle stating momentum is conserved in isolated systems.

29. What happens to momentum when no external forces act on a system?

    Momentum remains constant. No external forces means no change in total momentum.

30. What is the unit of momentum in the SI system?

    Kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s). Derived from mass (kg) times velocity (m/s).

31. What does the variable $p$ represent in the momentum formula?

    Momentum. Standard physics notation for momentum in equations.

32. Calculate the change in momentum for a 2 kg ball accelerating from 3 m/s to 7 m/s.

    8 kg·m/s. Change: $2(7) - 2(3) = 14 - 6 = 8$ kg·m/s.

33. Identify the type of collision where kinetic energy is not conserved.

    Inelastic collision. Momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is lost.

34. When two objects collide, how is total momentum calculated?

    Sum of individual momenta before collision equals sum after. Conservation law: initial total momentum equals final total momentum.

35. How does momentum differ from kinetic energy?

    Momentum is a vector; kinetic energy is a scalar. Momentum has direction; kinetic energy is always positive.

36. What is the term for the rate of change of momentum?

    Force. Newton's second law: $F = dp/dt$.

37. What term describes the product of force and time?

    Impulse. Force applied over time creates impulse.

38. In which type of collision is momentum conserved?

    All types of collisions. Momentum conservation is universal for all collision types.

Study these flashcards