AP Japanese Language and Culture Quiz
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FAMILIES AND COMMUNITIES
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Passage (Scenario 5: Impact of Urbanization)
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Urbanization in Japan changed where families lived and how they shared responsibilities. In many rural areas, households once included grandparents and sometimes other relatives. Work and childcare happened near home, and neighbors often knew each other well. Over time, more people moved to cities for education and employment. Apartments and long commutes made multigenerational living less common, though it still existed.
Parents in cities often managed tight schedules. They coordinated daycare, after-school clubs, and transportation. Some grandparents lived far away, so their support happened through short visits, phone calls, or video chats. When grandparents lived nearby, they sometimes helped with pickups or meals, but this depended on health and availability.
Community relationships also shifted. In dense neighborhoods, residents might greet each other politely yet interact less often. Still, schools and workplaces created new networks. Parent-teacher groups and school festivals offered chances to cooperate. Some families joined chōnaikai (local resident groups that organize safety and events), especially in areas that valued disaster preparedness.
Compared with many Western cities, these patterns looked both familiar and distinct. Western families also faced commuting and childcare costs, and they often relied on paid services. In Japan, families sometimes combined formal services with community coordination, though personal preference mattered. Urbanization did not erase family care, but it often changed how and when support occurred.
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How has urbanization impacted family roles in Japan according to the passage?
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