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Practice Test 66 - AP Human Geography

20 questions. Answer them in any order, then submit to see your score and every explanation.

  1. A 100-word secondary-source excerpt describes internally displaced persons (IDPs) as people forced to flee their homes due to conflict, violence, or disasters but who remain within their country's borders; as a result, they do not cross an international boundary even though their movement is involuntary. Which scenario best matches the definition of an IDP?
  2. A scholar reviewing Green Revolution adoption in parts of South Asia argues that high-yield seed, fertilizer, and irrigation increased total output but also changed labor demands. Mechanization and male-dominated training sometimes reduced women's access to new inputs, while women continued time-intensive tasks like weeding and post-harvest processing; in some places, women's paid opportunities declined even as total farm work increased. Which of the following best describes women's role in the agricultural system described?
  3. Secondary-source excerpt (practice: irrigation): Hydrologists studying irrigated agriculture in drylands note that diverting river water and pumping aquifers can expand cultivation, yet sustained withdrawals may exceed recharge and reduce downstream flows. Over time, falling water tables can raise pumping costs and prompt deeper wells, while reduced river discharge can affect wetlands and fisheries. These outcomes depend on governance, crop choice, irrigation efficiency, and climatic variability; in some basins, efficiency gains slow depletion, while in others expanded irrigated area offsets savings. The excerpt best illustrates which of the following consequences of the practice described?
  4. Secondary source excerpt: Where a region's autonomy predates the modern nation-state, political arguments for devolution often draw on continuity. Local elites may point to older assemblies, customary law, or past treaties to claim that centralized reforms violated an existing constitutional balance. This historical memory can persist even after decades of integration, resurfacing during economic crises or changes in national leadership. Devolution then becomes framed as re-establishing a prior arrangement rather than creating a new one, making it easier to mobilize broad support across social classes. Which devolutionary factor is central to the excerpt?
  5. A regional market report (secondary source excerpt, 75–125 words) describes how a former warehouse area was rezoned for mixed-use development. New offices and entertainment venues increased land values, and long-standing small manufacturers reported lease nonrenewals and steep rent hikes. The report notes that some displaced firms moved to the metro fringe, increasing delivery distances and weakening local job access for nearby residents. Which challenge resulting from urban change is most directly described?
  6. Secondary source excerpt (geographic perspective): Industrial growth in Britain relied on colonial and maritime networks that supplied cotton, sugar, and other raw materials while providing overseas markets for finished textiles and metal goods. Ports such as Liverpool expanded as key gateways linking factory regions to Atlantic trade routes. These connections shaped industrial geography: manufacturing cores prospered where transport routes, finance, and imperial commerce converged. Which option best captures how colonialism influenced industrial geography in the excerpt?
  7. Secondary-source excerpt (18th–19th c.): Mechanized threshing, improved plows, and more efficient rotations reduced the number of laborers needed for certain tasks. Combined with enclosure and rising rents, these shifts pushed some rural households to seek wages elsewhere. Which outcome best reflects this displacement dynamic?
  8. Secondary source excerpt (housing shortages, 88 words): A nonprofit report on Eastborough notes that new construction is concentrated in high-end condominiums, while the stock of older rental units declines as buildings are renovated and rents reset upward. The report finds that even when total housing units increase, the number of units affordable to households earning below the median income falls. Researchers call this an "affordability gap" driven by filtering that moves too slowly for low-income renters and by limited inclusionary requirements. Which interpretation best aligns with the report's findings?
  9. A secondary source excerpt describes multi-scalar analysis as connecting processes across scales to understand uneven impacts. After a major hurricane, a researcher studies recovery by compiling (1) block-by-block building damage, (2) state disaster funding allocations, and (3) international supply-chain disruptions affecting construction materials. Which choice best applies multi-scalar analysis?
  10. A geography textbook summarizes one key idea of the von Thünen model: it assumes an isolated state with a single market city, uniform soils and climate, and farmers who try to maximize profit. According to the von Thünen model, which of the following best explains the agricultural pattern in which more perishable, high-value crops are produced closest to the city while less perishable, lower-value crops are produced farther away?
  11. Secondary source excerpt (about 90 words): A lecture note contrasts urban systems in the United Kingdom and Peru. It explains that Lima's dominance grew as political authority, coastal trade, and internal migration concentrated in one metropolis, producing a primate pattern relative to other Peruvian cities. The note contrasts the UK, where London is very large but several other major cities (Manchester, Birmingham, Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool) form a broader hierarchy shaped by industrial history and regional connectivity. The note emphasizes that primacy reflects historical centralization and uneven infrastructure, not a universal rule. Which option best supports the lecture note's claim?
  12. A secondary source excerpt explains that functional (nodal) regions are organized around a central node and defined by flows (commuting, phone calls, shipping) rather than uniform traits; their influence typically weakens with distance and may overlap with other nodes' spheres. In a metro area, planners map where at least 15% of workers commute to Downtown Station each weekday to define the region. Which option best identifies the type of region being delineated?
  13. Secondary-source excerpt (about 100 words): Fresh produce frequently travels thousands of kilometers from farms to distant supermarkets. Air freight and refrigerated shipping allow strawberries, asparagus, and seafood to reach consumers year-round, but this increases energy use and greenhouse-gas emissions. Retailers favor centralized distribution centers that aggregate supplies from multiple regions, further lengthening routes. Consumers may see low prices and constant availability, while the environmental costs of fuel, packaging, and cold storage are often externalized. Which of the following best explains the global agricultural pattern described in the excerpt?
  14. Secondary source excerpt (transnational terrorism and security): Security threats that operate across borders can pressure states to coordinate policing, intelligence, and border controls with other governments. Terror networks may recruit online, move funds through international financial systems, and plan attacks from outside the target state. In response, states often adopt shared watchlists, joint operations, and expanded surveillance that can be shaped by foreign partners' priorities. This can limit a state's independent control over security policy while also raising debates about civil liberties and jurisdiction. Which policy response best reflects the sovereignty challenge described in the excerpt?
  15. A GIS analyst overlays layers showing bus stops, population density, and disability prevalence to identify gaps in transit access. They emphasize that GIS helps reveal spatial relationships but depends on data quality and scale. Which statement best describes an appropriate use of GIS in urban analysis?
  16. Why does natural increase peak in stage 2 rather than stage 3?
  17. A city planner is choosing a world map projection for a classroom display and wants students to compare the relative sizes of continents accurately. The teacher reminds the class that Mercator preserves local angles but distorts area, Robinson is a compromise, and equal-area projections preserve area at the expense of shape. Which projection type is most appropriate if the main goal is accurate comparisons of land area?
  18. Secondary source excerpt (for context): Unification can occur when separate states consolidate into a single sovereign entity through diplomacy, war, or negotiated political integration. Leaders may promote shared language and history, but unification also depends on power balances, external recognition, and the construction of new national institutions. The world map changes as multiple international borders are removed or redefined into internal administrative boundaries. Which option best describes the map-level outcome of the process in the excerpt?
  19. A demographic review describes how strong son preference in Province B led some families to continue childbearing until a boy was born and, where technology and enforcement gaps allowed, to use sex-selective abortion. The author reports skewed sex ratios at birth and notes long-term impacts on marriage markets and migration, while emphasizing that these practices are shaped by policy, cost, and gender norms rather than biology. Which option best reflects the author's argument?
  20. A city in Germany receives many migrants from Syria and Afghanistan. Over time, immigrant neighborhoods support mosques, Arabic-language media, and restaurants, while municipal agencies provide interpretation services and schools add language-support programs. Which choice best describes the effect of migration on the destination's cultural landscape?

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