Women and Economic Development - AP Human Geography

1. Identify a legal barrier to women's economic participation.

   Restrictions on property ownership. Legal frameworks may prevent women from owning assets or businesses.

2. Identify a sector where women are often underrepresented.

   Technology. The digital divide affects women's access to high-paying tech jobs.

3. Identify one international organization promoting women's economic development.

   UN Women. Works to achieve gender equality and women's empowerment worldwide.

4. What is one major barrier to women's economic participation?

   Gender-based violence. Creates fear and limits mobility, reducing economic opportunities.

5. Identify a policy that can enhance women's economic development.

   Paid parental leave. Helps women balance work and family responsibilities.

6. What is 'economic gender parity'?

   Equal participation and opportunity for men and women in the economy. Goal of eliminating gender-based economic disparities entirely.

7. What does 'gender wage gap' refer to?

   The difference in earnings between men and women. Persistent globally, with women earning less than men for similar work.

8. What does 'gender-responsive budgeting' entail?

   Allocating resources in a way that addresses gender disparities. Ensures public spending addresses gender-specific needs and barriers.

9. What is the significance of land ownership for women?

   Land ownership provides economic security and empowerment. Collateral for loans and source of income, especially in agriculture.

10. Name one benefit of women's economic empowerment.

    Improved family well-being. Women invest more earnings in family health and education than men.

11. How does access to healthcare impact women's economic participation?

    Improves productivity and reduces absenteeism. Good health is fundamental to consistent workforce participation.

12. What is the impact of domestic violence on women's economic opportunities?

    Limits job opportunities and economic independence. Trauma affects productivity and may force women out of workforce.

13. What is the Gender Inequality Index (GII)?

    A composite measure reflecting inequality in achievements between women and men. Measured by the United Nations to track gender disparities globally.

14. What is the relationship between women's health and economic development?

    Better health leads to increased productivity. Healthy women can work more consistently and effectively.

15. Identify a key factor affecting women's economic development.

    Access to education. Education opens doors to better employment and higher wages.

16. How does women's access to technology impact economic development?

    Facilitates entrepreneurship and market access. Digital tools enable remote work and business development.

17. What is the significance of microfinance for women?

    Provides small loans to women to start businesses and gain financial independence. Particularly important in developing countries where traditional banking is limited.

18. What role do Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play in women's economic development?

    Provide resources, training, and advocacy for women's economic rights. Fill gaps where government programs may be insufficient or absent.

19. Name a benefit of gender diversity in the workplace.

    Increased innovation and problem-solving. Diverse teams perform better and generate more creative solutions.

20. What is the significance of gender data in economic planning?

    Informs policies to address gender disparities. Evidence-based approach to creating effective gender equality policies.

21. What is 'women's entrepreneurship'?

    Women starting and managing their own businesses. Creates jobs and drives innovation when women have equal access to resources.

22. Which index measures gender-based disparities in economic participation?

    Global Gender Gap Index. Published annually by the World Economic Forum.

23. Name one indicator used in the Gender Inequality Index.

    Maternal mortality rate. Measures health outcomes reflecting gender inequality in healthcare access.

24. How does access to childcare affect women's economic development?

    Enables women to work outside the home. Reduces the 'double burden' of paid work and unpaid domestic duties.

25. What does the term 'glass ceiling' refer to?

    Invisible barrier preventing women from rising to top positions. Despite qualifications, women face barriers to executive and leadership roles.

26. What is meant by 'economic empowerment' for women?

    Women's ability to participate equally in markets and access economic resources. Includes equal pay, property rights, and business ownership opportunities.

27. Name a strategy for increasing women's representation in leadership positions.

    Implementing quotas. Affirmative action to overcome historical underrepresentation.

28. What is 'occupational segregation'?

    The division of jobs into male and female-dominated roles. Often results in lower pay and fewer advancement opportunities for women.

29. Which term describes women's unpaid labor in the home?

    Reproductive labor. Includes childcare, housework, and elder care, often undervalued economically.

30. Identify a cultural factor affecting women's economic roles.

    Traditional gender roles. Cultural expectations can limit women's career choices and advancement.

31. What is 'time poverty' in the context of women's development?

    Lack of time for rest and leisure due to unpaid labor burdens. Limits personal development and economic opportunities for advancement.

32. What is 'gender-sensitive policy-making'?

    Creating policies that consider the impacts on different genders. Analyzes how policies affect men and women differently.

33. What role does networking play in women's economic development?

    Builds social capital and business opportunities. Professional connections lead to mentorship and business opportunities.

34. What is 'gender mainstreaming'?

    Integrating gender perspectives into all policies and programs. Ensures gender considerations are embedded in all development initiatives.

35. State one impact of women's education on economic development.

    Increased productivity and economic growth. Educated women contribute more to GDP and economic innovation.

36. Define 'feminization of poverty'.

    Increasing concentration of poverty among women. Women disproportionately affected by poverty due to structural inequalities.

37. What does 'gender equity' mean in economic terms?

    Fair treatment and equitable opportunities for all genders. Focuses on fair outcomes, not just equal treatment.

38. What is the 'care economy'?

    Sector involving caregiving and domestic work, often unpaid. Essential for society but often invisible in economic calculations.

39. What does the term 'informal economy' mean?

    Economic activities not regulated by the government. Many women work in informal sectors with less protection and benefits.

40. How does women's participation in politics influence economic development?

    Leads to more inclusive and equitable policy decisions. Women leaders often prioritize social spending and economic inclusion.

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