Theories of Development - AP Human Geography
- Which development model focuses on reducing poverty and inequality?
- Human Development Approach. Emphasizes human capabilities and quality of life.
- Name a characteristic of the 'periphery' in World-Systems Theory.
- Low levels of industrialization. Less developed regions providing raw materials.
- What is the focus of neoliberal development strategies?
- Market-driven economic policies. Emphasizes privatization and trade liberalization.
- What is the main focus of modernization theory?
- Economic and social progress. Believes development follows Western industrialization model.
- Which theory incorporates environmental concerns into development planning?
- Ecological Modernization Theory. Combines technological progress with environmental sustainability.
- What is the main goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
- Global sustainable progress. 17 interconnected goals for worldwide development by 2030.
- Identify a limitation of modernization theory.
- Assumes a linear path of development. Ignores cultural differences and unique development paths.
- What is one focus of the postcolonial critique in development?
- Historical power imbalances. Examines ongoing effects of colonial exploitation.
- What is a core characteristic of the 'core' in World-Systems Theory?
- High level of industrialization. Advanced economies that dominate global trade.
- Which theory suggests that underdevelopment is due to historical exploitation?
- Dependency Theory. Blames colonial legacy and continued exploitation.
- Name one key indicator used in the HDI.
- Life expectancy. Health component measuring average lifespan in years.
- Which theory argues for the benefits of globalization in development?
- Neoliberal Theory. Promotes free markets and reduced government intervention.
- Identify a key feature of the 'Age of High Mass Consumption' stage.
- Consumer-oriented society. Economy focused on mass production of consumer goods.
- Identify a critique of dependency theory.
- Overemphasis on external factors. Criticized for downplaying internal development factors.
- What is GNI per capita used to measure?
- Average income of a country's citizens. Economic indicator of national wealth per person.
- What is the third stage of Rostow's model of economic growth?
- Takeoff. Period of rapid industrialization and sustained economic growth.
- What is the primary focus of the World-Systems Theory?
- Global economic and political systems. Analyzes relationships between world regions and power.
- What term describes the economic disparity between more and less developed countries?
- Development gap. Difference in economic development between world regions.
- Which theory emphasizes dependency and exploitation in global affairs?
- Dependency Theory. Argues that poor countries are exploited by wealthy nations.
- Which development theory emphasizes cultural influences?
- Cultural Theory of Development. Recognizes culture's role in shaping development paths.
- What is a primary goal of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
- End poverty. First of 17 global development objectives by 2030.
- Identify the theory that divides the world into core, periphery, and semi-periphery.
- World-Systems Theory. Wallerstein's framework showing global economic hierarchy.
- What is Rostow's first stage of economic growth?
- Traditional Society. Characterized by subsistence agriculture and limited technology.
- What is one advantage of sustainable development?
- Long-term environmental sustainability. Ensures resources remain available for future use.
- What does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?
- Life expectancy, education, and income. Three key indicators of human well-being and development.
- Identify the primary critique of Rostow's model.
- Eurocentrism. Model assumes Western development path is universal.
- What is a primary critique of the World-Systems Theory?
- Neglect of local factors. Theory criticized for ignoring unique national circumstances.
- Which theory is associated with Immanuel Wallerstein?
- World-Systems Theory. Created by sociologist studying global economic systems.
- Name the fourth stage in Rostow's model of economic growth.
- Drive to Maturity. Economy diversifies and technology advances across sectors.
- What is the Brandt Line?
- Division between the Global North and South. Geographic boundary separating rich and poor nations.
- What does the term 'semi-periphery' refer to in World-Systems Theory?
- Intermediate regions between core and periphery. Countries with mixed characteristics of core and periphery.
- What is the main critique of the Human Development Index?
- Oversimplification of development. Reduces complex development to three simple measures.
- What theory critiques neoliberalism for increasing inequality?
- Dependency Theory. Argues free markets worsen global inequality.
- Which development theory focuses on sustainable development and environmental balance?
- Sustainable Development. Balances economic growth with environmental protection.
- Identify the main goal of sustainable development.
- Balance economic growth with environmental protection. Meets present needs without compromising future generations.
- Which theory is criticized for being too deterministic?
- Dependency Theory. Theory seen as overly rigid in explaining development.
- Identify the second stage in Rostow's model of economic growth.
- Preconditions for Takeoff. Society begins developing infrastructure for economic growth.
- What is the final stage in Rostow's model of economic growth?
- Age of High Mass Consumption. Society focused on consumer goods and services.
- Identify one component of the Human Development Index.
- Education level. Knowledge and schooling component of human development.
- What does the ecological footprint measure?
- Human demand on natural resources. Calculates human impact on Earth's ecosystems.