The Green Revolution - AP Human Geography

1. Identify one social consequence of the Green Revolution.

   Widening gap between rich and poor farmers. Wealthy farmers could afford new technology while poor farmers fell behind.

2. What agricultural technique was enhanced during the Green Revolution?

   Irrigation systems. Advanced water management became crucial for maximizing crop yields.

3. Identify a long-term impact of the Green Revolution on global agriculture.

   Increased reliance on technology and chemicals. Agriculture became increasingly industrialized and input-dependent worldwide.

4. What was a significant impact of the Green Revolution on global trade?

   Increased agricultural exports. Surplus production enabled countries to become major agricultural exporters.

5. What was one unintended consequence of the Green Revolution?

   Increased environmental pollution. Chemical runoff and pesticide use created long-term environmental damage.

6. What is one lasting legacy of the Green Revolution?

   Ongoing reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Modern agriculture remains dependent on these chemical inputs for productivity.

7. Identify a social effect of the Green Revolution on rural communities.

   Increased socio-economic disparities. Technology access created wealth gaps between large and small farmers.

8. What was one limitation of the Green Revolution technology?

   High cost of inputs like seeds and fertilizers. Small farmers often couldn't afford the expensive package of new technologies.

9. What role did fertilizers play in the Green Revolution?

   Enhanced soil fertility and crop yields. Chemical fertilizers provided essential nutrients for HYV seeds to reach potential.

10. Identify one key technological advancement of the Green Revolution.

    High-yielding variety (HYV) seeds. These engineered seeds produced significantly higher yields than traditional varieties.

11. Who is credited with leading the Green Revolution?

    Norman Borlaug. Known as the 'Father of the Green Revolution' and Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1970.

12. Name one crop that did not significantly benefit from the Green Revolution.

    Sorghum. Research focused primarily on wheat, rice, and maize rather than all crops.

13. What was the primary goal of the Green Revolution?

    To increase agricultural production to combat hunger. Addressed widespread famine and food insecurity in developing nations.

14. Identify a technological practice introduced during the Green Revolution.

    Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. These inputs maximized the potential of new seed varieties for higher yields.

15. Which crop saw significant yield improvements during the Green Revolution?

    Wheat. Wheat yields increased dramatically, along with rice and maize in many regions.

16. What is one criticism of the Green Revolution regarding biodiversity?

    Reduction in agricultural biodiversity. Monoculture practices replaced diverse traditional crop varieties.

17. What is the impact of the Green Revolution on soil health?

    Degradation due to chemical inputs and monoculture. Overuse of chemicals caused erosion, salinization, and nutrient depletion.

18. Which continent benefited the most from the Green Revolution?

    Asia, particularly India and Pakistan. These countries saw dramatic increases in rice and wheat production.

19. Which global issue did the Green Revolution aim to address?

    World hunger. Sought to feed growing populations and prevent widespread famine.

20. What is the role of mechanization in the Green Revolution?

    Increased efficiency and reduced labor costs in agriculture. Tractors and harvesters replaced manual labor and increased farming scale.

21. What effect did the Green Revolution have on global food security?

    Increased food security by boosting production. Dramatically reduced famine risk and improved nutrition in many countries.

22. Identify a challenge faced by farmers adopting Green Revolution technology.

    High costs of seeds and inputs. New technology required significant upfront investment many couldn't afford.

23. Which sector experienced growth due to the Green Revolution?

    Agricultural sector through increased production. Agricultural productivity gains drove economic development in many countries.

24. State one negative environmental impact of the Green Revolution.

    Increased use of chemical pesticides led to pollution. Chemicals contaminated water sources and harmed beneficial insects and wildlife.

25. What irrigation method was commonly used during the Green Revolution?

    Dams and tube wells for water supply. Reliable water supply was essential for HYV seeds to achieve maximum yields.

26. Identify one reason why the Green Revolution was less successful in Africa.

    Lack of infrastructure and investment. Poor transportation, limited credit access, and weak institutions hindered adoption.

27. Identify one economic impact of the Green Revolution.

    Increased agricultural exports. Higher yields generated surplus crops for international trade markets.

28. What was the impact of the Green Revolution on traditional farming methods?

    Many traditional practices were abandoned. Indigenous knowledge and diverse farming systems were often replaced.

29. What was a major goal of the Green Revolution in developing countries?

    To increase agricultural productivity and reduce hunger. Aimed to prevent mass starvation and improve living standards globally.

30. What was a major ecological concern during the Green Revolution?

    Loss of genetic diversity in crops. Traditional crop varieties were replaced by fewer high-yielding strains.

31. What change in farming practice did the Green Revolution promote?

    Monoculture farming. Growing single crops over large areas maximized efficiency but reduced diversity.

32. Which type of seeds were central to the Green Revolution?

    High-yielding variety (HYV) seeds. These specially bred seeds were the foundation of increased agricultural productivity.

33. What was a major criticism regarding the environmental impact of the Green Revolution?

    Environmental degradation due to chemical use. Soil contamination and ecosystem disruption raised serious environmental concerns.

34. What was a significant outcome of the Green Revolution in India?

    Self-sufficiency in food grains. India transformed from food importer to grain exporter by the 1970s.

35. What is the relationship between the Green Revolution and urbanization?

    Urbanization increased as rural workers migrated to cities. Agricultural mechanization displaced farm workers who sought urban employment.

36. What was a primary focus of the Green Revolution in agriculture?

    Increasing crop yields. Higher productivity per hectare was the central objective of all innovations.

37. How did the Green Revolution affect rural labor markets?

    Reduced need for manual labor due to mechanization. Machines replaced workers, causing unemployment and rural-urban migration.

38. Which organization supported the Green Revolution with funding and research?

    The Rockefeller Foundation. Provided crucial financial backing for agricultural research and development programs.

39. Which factor limited the spread of the Green Revolution to certain regions?

    Inadequate water resources. HYV seeds required reliable irrigation systems that many regions lacked.

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