Spatial Organization of Agriculture - AP Human Geography
- State one advantage of mixed crop and livestock farming.
- Spreads the risk of crop failure. Diversification reduces dependence on single crop success.
- What characterizes urban agriculture?
- Growing food within or around cities. Reduces transportation costs and increases food access.
- What is polyculture?
- Cultivating multiple crops in the same space. Increases biodiversity and natural pest control.
- What is the primary characteristic of pastoral nomadism?
- Herding domesticated animals in dry climates. Mobile lifestyle adapted to arid and semi-arid regions.
- Which crop is predominantly grown in intensive subsistence farming?
- Rice. Staple crop supporting dense populations in Asia.
- What is terrace farming?
- Creating stepped levels on a hillside for farming. Ancient technique still used in mountainous regions.
- State the primary goal of precision agriculture.
- Optimize field-level management with technology. Uses GPS and sensors for targeted resource application.
- What does the term 'agribusiness' refer to?
- Integration of agriculture with other sectors of the economy. Encompasses entire food supply chain from farm to consumer.
- What is the primary purpose of plantation agriculture?
- Production of cash crops for export. Large-scale monoculture for international trade.
- What is intercropping?
- Growing two or more crops in proximity. Efficient use of space and complementary plant relationships.
- What is aquaculture?
- Breeding, raising, and harvesting fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants. Addresses growing demand for seafood worldwide.
- What does 'crop rotation' involve?
- Alternating the species of crops grown on a piece of land. Maintains soil nutrients and breaks pest cycles.
- Identify a disadvantage of the Green Revolution.
- Increased use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Environmental costs of intensive chemical agriculture.
- What crop is typically found in the innermost ring of the Von Thünen Model?
- Dairy and intensive farming. High-value, perishable products need proximity to market.
- Identify a benefit of intercropping.
- Improves soil fertility and reduces pests. Plants can support each other's growth needs.
- State the primary purpose of terrace farming.
- Prevent soil erosion on hilly terrain. Maximizes usable land area on steep slopes.
- What is the Green Revolution?
- Increase in agricultural production via improved technology. Dramatically increased global food production since 1960s.
- What is the main purpose of contour plowing?
- Reduce soil erosion by plowing parallel to contours. Follows natural land contours to prevent runoff.
- Define 'land tenure'.
- The rights individuals or communities have to land. Affects agricultural investment and productivity decisions.
- What is the primary focus of permaculture?
- Designing agricultural landscapes that mimic natural ecosystems. Creates self-sustaining agricultural systems through design.
- Identify a key feature of industrial agriculture.
- Large-scale, mechanized production. Capital-intensive system focused on efficiency and scale.
- Identify the main feature of intensive subsistence agriculture.
- High labor input for high yield per land unit. Maximizes output from small plots in densely populated areas.
- Identify a key environmental impact of monoculture.
- Reduction in biodiversity. Creates vulnerability to pests and diseases.
- Identify the model used to explain agricultural land use around a market.
- Von Thünen Model. Classic concentric ring model based on transportation costs.
- Identify the primary concern of organic farming.
- Avoidance of synthetic chemicals in agriculture. Promotes natural methods to maintain soil health.
- Define 'food desert'.
- Area with limited access to affordable and nutritious food. Often found in low-income urban neighborhoods.
- Which factor primarily determines land use intensity in the Von Thünen Model?
- Distance from the market. Transportation costs increase with distance from market.
- What does 'food sovereignty' aim to achieve?
- Communities control over the way food is produced. Emphasizes local control over global food systems.
- What is the main goal of sustainable agriculture?
- Meet current needs without compromising future resources. Balances environmental protection with economic viability.
- What is the primary focus of agricultural geography?
- Study of spatial patterns and processes in agriculture. Examines where agricultural activities occur and why.
- Which type of farming is characterized by high inputs and outputs per unit area?
- Intensive farming. Maximizes productivity through technology and labor.
- Identify the practice of shifting cultivation.
- Clearing land, farming it, then moving to a new area. Allows soil to recover nutrients naturally over time.
- What does 'agroforestry' involve?
- Integrating trees and shrubs into farming systems. Combines forestry with agricultural practices sustainably.
- Define 'fallow' in agricultural terms.
- Leaving land unseeded for a period to restore fertility. Natural method of soil fertility restoration.
- Define commercial agriculture.
- Farming primarily for sale, not direct consumption. Market-oriented production for economic profit.
- What is the primary benefit of agroforestry?
- Enhances biodiversity and soil quality. Trees provide multiple ecosystem services to farms.
- What is subsistence agriculture?
- Farming to meet the needs of the farmer's family. Focuses on household food security rather than profit.
- What is monoculture?
- Cultivation of a single crop in a given area. Increases efficiency but reduces genetic diversity.