Forced and Voluntary Migration - AP Human Geography
- What is chain migration?
- Migration following relatives or friends. Social networks facilitate and encourage further migration.
- Identify a key factor of voluntary migration.
- Economic opportunity. Attracts people seeking better living standards or jobs.
- What is a refugee?
- A person fleeing conflict or persecution. Protected under international law with specific legal status.
- Name a major voluntary migration trend.
- Rural to urban migration. People seek better economic opportunities in cities.
- Identify a historical example of forced migration.
- Transatlantic slave trade. Millions of Africans forced to migrate as enslaved labor.
- Identify one factor affecting migration policies.
- National security. Governments consider security risks when setting immigration rules.
- What is return migration?
- Returning to the country of origin. Migrants move back to their homeland permanently or temporarily.
- What is a host country?
- Country receiving migrants. Destination nation providing temporary or permanent residence.
- What is transnational migration?
- Migration across national borders. Movement between different countries or nation-states.
- What is a migration corridor?
- Routes regularly used by migrants. Established pathways connecting origin and destination regions.
- What is counter-urbanization?
- Migration from urban to rural areas. People leave cities for smaller towns or countryside.
- What is the impact of migration on rural areas?
- Population decline and aging. Young people leave, creating demographic and economic challenges.
- What is the concept of remittances?
- Money sent home by migrants. Financial transfers support families in origin countries.
- What is voluntary migration?
- Migration based on personal choice. Individuals freely decide to move without external pressure.
- State an example of a pull factor.
- Job opportunities. Economic incentives attract migrants to destinations.
- What is rural depopulation?
- Decrease in rural population due to migration. Out-migration leaves rural areas with fewer residents.
- What is the impact of migration on urban areas?
- Increased diversity and economic activity. Migration transforms cities culturally and economically.
- What is the gravity model in migration?
- Predicts migration based on size and distance. Larger, closer places attract more migrants than smaller, distant ones.
- Identify a key factor of forced migration.
- Conflict or persecution. External threats force people to leave against their will.
- What is an internally displaced person (IDP)?
- A person displaced within their own country. Cannot cross international borders for protection.
- What is the migration transition model?
- Changes in migration patterns linked to development. Describes how migration patterns change with economic development.
- What is a migration stream?
- A constant flow of migrants from the same origin. Established pathway connecting origin and destination areas.
- What is an asylum seeker?
- A person seeking refugee status. Awaiting official determination of refugee status.
- Define 'push factor' in migration.
- Reason prompting departure from origin. Negative conditions encouraging people to leave an area.
- Identify a consequence of forced migration.
- Loss of cultural heritage. Forced migrants often lose connection to ancestral traditions.
- Identify a policy tool for managing migration.
- Visa regulations. Legal documents controlling entry and residence permissions.
- What is forced migration?
- Migration due to coercion or threat. Involves lack of choice and external pressure to leave.
- State an example of a push factor.
- Natural disaster. Environmental hazards force people to relocate for safety.
- Name a region with significant forced migration.
- Middle East. Ongoing conflicts and political instability drive displacement.
- What is the role of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)?
- Protects and supports refugees. International organization providing humanitarian assistance to refugees.
- What is step migration?
- Migration occurring in stages. Gradual movement through intermediate destinations to final goal.
- What is the concept of brain drain?
- Emigration of skilled individuals. Depletes origin countries of educated professionals.
- Which document protects refugees' rights?
- 1951 Refugee Convention. Established international legal framework for refugee protection.
- Name a region with significant voluntary migration.
- North America. Economic opportunities and quality of life attract migrants.
- Identify a challenge faced by refugees.
- Lack of legal protection. Refugees often lack legal status and basic rights.
- Define 'pull factor' in migration.
- Reason attracting migrants to a destination. Positive conditions encouraging people to move to an area.
- Identify a contemporary example of forced migration.
- Syrian refugee crisis. Ongoing civil war has displaced millions internationally.
- Identify a consequence of voluntary migration.
- Economic growth in destination. Migrants contribute labor, skills, and cultural diversity.