Causes of Migration - AP Human Geography
- Identify a primary economic cause of migration.
- Job opportunities. Most common economic motivator for voluntary migration worldwide.
- What does 'asylum seeker' mean?
- A person seeking refuge and protection in another country. Someone who has applied for refugee status but awaits decision.
- What is a push factor in migration?
- A condition that drives people to leave their homeland. Negative conditions that motivate people to leave their current location.
- Identify a psychological factor influencing migration.
- Desire for adventure. Personal motivations beyond economic or political pressures.
- Identify a technological factor influencing migration.
- Improved transportation. Better transport reduces migration costs and increases accessibility.
- What is a migration stream?
- A constant flow of migrants from the same origin to the same destination. Established pathways between specific origin and destination locations.
- What is a pull factor in migration?
- A condition that attracts people to a new area. Positive conditions that draw migrants to specific destinations.
- What is emigration?
- The act of leaving one's country to live in another. Focuses on departure from the origin country rather than arrival.
- What is the impact of remittances on home countries?
- Increased household income. Money sent home by migrants boosts origin country economies.
- What is transnational migration?
- Migration across national borders. Migration that crosses international boundaries between countries.
- What is the 'gravity model' in migration?
- A model predicting migration flow based on population size and distance. Mathematical model using population and distance to predict migration flows.
- What is immigration?
- The act of coming to live permanently in a foreign country. Focuses on arrival and settlement in the destination country.
- What is the 'brain drain' phenomenon?
- The emigration of highly skilled professionals from one country to another. Loss of educated workers weakens origin countries' human capital.
- Name a political cause of migration.
- War or conflict. Political instability creates major push factors for migration.
- What is urbanization?
- The movement of people from rural to urban areas. Rural-to-urban migration driving city growth worldwide.
- What does the term 'refugee' mean?
- A person forced to flee their country due to persecution. Legal status requiring international protection from persecution.
- Identify one impact of migration on sending countries.
- Loss of skilled workers. Emigration depletes origin countries of valuable human resources.
- What is step migration?
- Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages. Gradual movement through intermediate locations toward final destination.
- Identify one economic impact of migration on host countries.
- Increase in labor force. Immigration typically expands the available workforce in destination areas.
- Identify a health-related cause of migration.
- Access to better healthcare services. Medical care quality differences motivate health-seeking migration.
- What is chain migration?
- Migration of people to a location because relatives previously migrated there. Family connections create migration pathways to specific destinations.
- Identify a primary social cause of migration.
- Family reunification. Social networks drive this major category of migration motives.
- What is counter-urbanization?
- The movement of people from urban areas to rural areas. Reverse migration from cities back to rural areas.
- Name a cultural impact of migration.
- Cultural diversity. Migration introduces new cultural practices and perspectives to host areas.
- What is voluntary migration?
- Migration based on one's free will and initiative. Migration driven by personal choice rather than external coercion.
- What is return migration?
- The voluntary return of immigrants to their place of origin. Migrants returning home after living abroad for extended periods.
- What is circular migration?
- The temporary and repetitive movement of a migrant worker. Cyclical movement pattern common among temporary workers.
- Identify one cultural barrier to migration.
- Language differences. Communication barriers complicate integration in destination countries.
- What is forced migration?
- Movement of people against their will due to conflict. Migration caused by external pressures beyond individual control.
- What is seasonal migration?
- Migration based on seasonal demand for labor. Temporary movement linked to agricultural or tourism cycles.
- What is an intervening obstacle in migration?
- A factor that hinders migration. Physical, economic, or political barriers that impede migration flows.
- Identify an environmental cause of migration.
- Natural disasters. Climate and environmental hazards force population displacement.
- Identify a demographic consequence of migration.
- Changes in population size. Migration directly affects population distribution and composition.
- Identify one factor that might deter migration.
- High cost of travel. Financial barriers limit migration opportunities for many people.
- Identify a legal factor influencing migration.
- Immigration policies. Government regulations control and restrict international migration flows.
- Which term describes migration within a country?
- Internal migration. Movement that stays within national boundaries, unlike international migration.
- What is migration?
- The movement of people from one place to another. Basic definition of population movement between geographic locations.
- What is illegal migration?
- Migration without legal permission. Undocumented migration violating immigration laws and regulations.