AP European History Quiz
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19TH-CENTURY PERSPECTIVES AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS
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Secondary source excerpt (c. 105 words): Environmental historians contend that imperial expansion often transformed landscapes as forests were cleared for plantations, mines expanded, and rivers were redirected to serve colonial cities and export agriculture. These projects could increase short-term output, but they also displaced communities and made local ecologies more fragile. In some colonies, dependence on a narrow range of cash crops reduced biodiversity and heightened vulnerability to pests and drought. Such ecological changes, scholars argue, were not accidental: they followed imperial priorities that valued metropolitan consumption and revenue over long-term sustainability.
Which consequence best matches this interpretation?
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