Versailles Conference and Peace Settlement - AP European History

1. Which treaty officially ended WWI with Germany?

   Treaty of Versailles. Main peace settlement between Allies and Germany.

2. Who was the French Premier at the Versailles Conference?

   Georges Clemenceau. Demanded harsh terms to ensure German weakness.

3. What was the primary economic penalty imposed on Germany by the Treaty?

   Reparations. Massive financial compensation for war damages and costs.

4. Which nation was not allowed to participate in the Versailles Conference?

   Germany. Excluded as defeated power, forced to accept terms.

5. Which empire was dismantled as a result of the peace settlement?

   Austro-Hungarian Empire. Multiethnic empire divided into new successor states.

6. What was the impact of the Treaty on the German economy?

   Severe economic hardship. Reparations burden crippled German finances and currency.

7. What were the 'Big Four' countries at the Versailles Conference?

   United States, United Kingdom, France, Italy. Major Allied powers that dominated peace negotiations.

8. Identify the treaty that addressed the Ottoman Empire post-WWI.

   Treaty of Sèvres. Dismantled Ottoman Empire, later replaced by Treaty of Lausanne.

9. Why was the Treaty of Versailles significant for future conflicts?

   It laid groundwork for WWII. Harsh terms fostered German resentment and extremism.

10. What was the primary criticism of the Treaty in Germany?

    Harsh reparations and territorial losses. Germans viewed terms as vindictive and humiliating diktat.

11. What was Italy's primary goal at the Versailles Conference?

    Territorial expansion. Sought territorial gains promised in secret wartime treaties.

12. What was the main goal of the League of Nations?

    To maintain world peace and prevent future conflicts. Collective security through international cooperation and diplomacy.

13. Which treaty dealt with Austria after WWI?

    Treaty of Saint-Germain. Reduced Austria to small German-speaking rump state.

14. Which country was held responsible for WWI reparations?

    Germany. War Guilt Clause justified massive financial penalties.

15. What was the fate of German colonies as per the Treaty?

    Mandated to Allies. Stripped Germany of overseas empire permanently.

16. Which territories were mandated to other powers under the League of Nations?

    Former German and Ottoman territories. Administered by Allied powers under League supervision.

17. Which treaty dealt with Hungary after WWI?

    Treaty of Trianon. Reduced Hungary to one-third of pre-war territory.

18. Identify the year the Treaty of Versailles was signed.

    1919. Signed June 28, exactly five years after archduke's assassination.

19. Which country was primarily blamed for World War I in the Treaty of Versailles?

    Germany. War Guilt Clause held Germany solely responsible.

20. What was the main purpose of the Versailles Conference?

    To negotiate peace terms after World War I. Established post-war order after Central Powers' defeat.

21. What territory was returned to France as part of the Treaty of Versailles?

    Alsace-Lorraine. Rich industrial region lost to Germany in 1871.

22. Which clause in the Treaty of Versailles limited German military forces?

    Disarmament Clause. Restricted German army to 100,000 men, banned conscription.

23. Which area was demilitarized as part of the Treaty of Versailles?

    Rhineland. Buffer zone occupied by Allies for 15 years.

24. Who was the British Prime Minister at the Versailles Conference?

    David Lloyd George. Britain's moderate voice between Wilson's idealism and French revenge.

25. Identify the policy aimed at preventing future wars included in the Treaty.

    Collective security. League members pledged mutual defense against aggression.

26. What was a major consequence of the Treaty for Eastern Europe?

    Redrawing of national borders. Self-determination created new nation-states from empires.

27. Who was the Italian leader at the Versailles Conference?

    Vittorio Orlando. Italy's Prime Minister during the peace negotiations.

28. Which international organization was established by the Treaty of Versailles?

    League of Nations. International peacekeeping body proposed by Wilson's Fourteen Points.

29. What was Wilson's plan for peace known as?

    Fourteen Points. Wilson's idealistic blueprint for post-war reconstruction.

30. Which country had to cede territory to Denmark as per the Treaty?

    Germany. Northern Schleswig returned after plebiscite vote.

31. Which U.S. President played a significant role at the Versailles Conference?

    Woodrow Wilson. Promoted his Fourteen Points plan for lasting peace.

32. What was the 'War Guilt Clause' in the Treaty of Versailles?

    Article 231. Forced Germany to accept full responsibility for war damages.

33. What was the main reason for U.S. Senate rejecting the Treaty?

    Opposition to League of Nations. Isolationists opposed international commitments and entanglements.

34. What impact did the Treaty have on the German military?

    Severe reductions and limitations. Eliminated German military threat through disarmament.

35. What was the main territorial change in Eastern Europe after the Treaty?

    Creation of new states like Poland and Czechoslovakia. Applied self-determination principle to former Habsburg territories.

36. What was the major naval limitation imposed on Germany?

    Limit of 6 battleships, no submarines. Eliminated German naval threat through severe restrictions.

37. Which nation was allocated the Saar Basin for 15 years?

    France. Coal-rich region given as war compensation.

38. What was the reaction of the United States Senate to the Treaty?

    Rejection of the Treaty. Senate feared entanglement in European conflicts.

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