Two Super Powers Emerge - AP European History

1. What does the acronym MAD stand for in Cold War context?

   Mutually Assured Destruction. Nuclear deterrence theory preventing first strike.

2. What was the significance of the 1948 Marshall Plan?

   It helped rebuild European economies post-WWII. Economic aid strengthened Western European democracy.

3. Which leader is associated with the policy of De-Stalinization?

   Nikita Khrushchev. Soviet leader who denounced Stalin's crimes and policies.

4. What was the primary purpose of the Berlin Blockade by the USSR?

   To force the Allies out of Berlin. USSR wanted to control all of Berlin completely.

5. What was the Eastern Bloc?

   Soviet-aligned socialist states in Eastern Europe. Communist satellite states under Soviet influence.

6. Which treaty sought to limit the proliferation of nuclear weapons in 1968?

   The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. International agreement to prevent nuclear weapons spread.

7. Which doctrine stated US would support free peoples resisting subjugation?

   Truman Doctrine. US commitment to defend free nations from communism.

8. Identify the main ideological conflict in the Cold War.

   Capitalism versus Communism. Two opposing economic and political systems clashed.

9. What event in 1989 symbolized the end of the Cold War?

   The fall of the Berlin Wall. Symbol of division's end and German reunification.

10. Which two superpowers emerged after World War II?

    The United States and the Soviet Union. Both had nuclear weapons and global influence after WWII.

11. What crisis brought the world close to nuclear war in 1962?

    The Cuban Missile Crisis. Soviet missiles in Cuba nearly triggered nuclear war.

12. Which military alliance was formed in 1949 to counter Soviet expansion?

    NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). Western alliance created collective defense against USSR.

13. What was the significance of the Berlin Airlift?

    It supplied West Berlin during the Soviet blockade. US and allies flew supplies to bypass Soviet blockade.

14. Which conference divided Germany into four occupation zones?

    The Yalta Conference. Allied leaders decided post-war German occupation.

15. Which US President is associated with the Strategic Defense Initiative?

    Ronald Reagan. US missile defense system nicknamed 'Star Wars'.

16. What policy did Gorbachev introduce to increase transparency in the USSR?

    Glasnost. Openness policy allowing greater freedom of expression.

17. What event marked the beginning of the Cold War?

    The Iron Curtain speech by Churchill in 1946. Churchill warned of Soviet control over Eastern Europe.

18. What event in 1956 challenged Soviet control in Eastern Europe?

    The Hungarian Revolution. Anti-Soviet uprising crushed by Soviet tanks.

19. Who delivered the 'Iron Curtain' speech?

    Winston Churchill. British PM warned about Soviet expansion in 1946.

20. Which doctrine declared that the USSR could intervene in socialist countries?

    The Brezhnev Doctrine. Limited sovereignty doctrine for socialist states.

21. Identify the policy aimed at reducing tensions between the US and USSR.

    Détente. Easing of tensions through diplomacy and trade.

22. What was the primary purpose of the Marshall Plan?

    To aid European economic recovery. US provided $12 billion to rebuild Western Europe.

23. What was the primary focus of the United Nations Security Council?

    Maintaining international peace and security. UN body responsible for global security decisions.

24. Who was the US President at the start of the Cold War?

    Harry S. Truman. US leader who announced containment doctrine.

25. What was the Soviet response to NATO called?

    The Warsaw Pact. Eastern Bloc military alliance formed in 1955.

26. Which country was divided along the 38th parallel after WWII?

    Korea. Communist North and capitalist South divided nation.

27. Identify the year the Berlin Wall was constructed.

    1961. East Germany built wall to stop emigration to West.

28. What was the purpose of the Non-Aligned Movement?

    To remain independent from US and Soviet influence. Third World countries avoided Cold War alignment.

29. What was the name of the US's strategy to prevent the spread of communism?

    Containment. George Kennan's strategy to limit communist expansion.

30. What was the primary issue addressed at the Potsdam Conference?

    Post-war order and peace treaties. Final wartime conference addressing defeated Germany.

31. What year did the Soviet Union invade Afghanistan?

    1979. Soviet intervention that escalated Cold War tensions.

32. What was the name of the Soviet economic reform policy in the 1980s?

    Perestroika. Gorbachev's restructuring of Soviet economic system.

33. What barrier symbolized the division between East and West in Europe?

    The Berlin Wall. Physical barrier separating East and West Berlin.

34. What term describes the indirect conflict between the US and USSR?

    Cold War. Tension without direct military confrontation.

35. Which agreement limited the number of nuclear weapons in 1972?

    The SALT I Treaty (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks). First arms control agreement between superpowers.

36. Which leader is associated with the phrase 'Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall'?

    Ronald Reagan. Famous 1987 speech challenging Gorbachev in Berlin.

37. What was the first satellite launched into space and by which country?

    Sputnik by the Soviet Union. 1957 launch shocked US and started Space Race.

38. What was the primary goal of the Truman Doctrine?

    To contain the spread of communism. US policy to prevent communist expansion globally.

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