Rivals on the World Stage - AP European History
- Identify the military alliance formed by Western nations in 1949.
- NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). Collective defense against Soviet expansion in Europe.
- What event triggered the outbreak of World War I?
- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Sarajevo incident activated alliance system in 1914.
- What was the primary cause of the War of Spanish Succession?
- Succession dispute over the Spanish throne. Charles II died childless, creating a European power struggle.
- What was the main goal of the European Economic Community (EEC) established in 1957?
- Economic integration of Europe. Created common market among six founding nations.
- Which conflict is known as the First World War?
- World War I. First global industrial war with unprecedented casualties.
- Which naval battle established British naval dominance in 1805?
- Battle of Trafalgar. Nelson's victory secured British control of the seas.
- What was the result of the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)?
- Soviet withdrawal of missiles from Cuba. Avoided nuclear war through diplomatic compromise.
- Which two countries were the main rivals in the Seven Years' War?
- Great Britain and France. Global conflict over colonial and European supremacy.
- Which treaty ended World War I?
- Treaty of Versailles (1919). Imposed harsh terms on Germany and redrew Europe.
- What was the significance of the Berlin Wall (1961-1989)?
- Division of East and West Berlin. Physical symbol of Cold War division in Germany.
- Which European country experienced a civil war from 1936 to 1939?
- Spain. Republican forces fought fascist rebellion and foreign intervention.
- Identify the treaty that ended the War of Spanish Succession.
- Treaty of Utrecht (1713). Ended Louis XIV's bid for Spanish throne dominance.
- Which alliance was formed by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in 1882?
- Triple Alliance. Bismarck's defensive alliance against France and Russia.
- Which event marked the end of the Cold War?
- Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989). Symbolized end of Soviet control in Eastern Europe.
- Identify the treaty that ended the Bosnian War.
- Dayton Accords (1995). NATO intervention ended the Bosnian conflict.
- What was the main objective of the Warsaw Pact (1955)?
- Military alliance of Soviet-aligned countries. Soviet response to NATO and West German rearmament.
- What was the outcome of the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)?
- German unification and French defeat. Created the German Empire under Prussian leadership.
- What was the main purpose of the League of Nations established in 1919?
- Promote peace and prevent wars. Wilson's idealistic attempt at collective security.
- What was the main territorial change in North America after the Seven Years' War?
- France ceded Canada to Great Britain. Treaty of Paris (1763) transferred New France to Britain.
- What was the primary cause of the Crimean War (1853-1856)?
- Dispute over Christian holy sites. Russia vs. Ottoman Empire over Jerusalem access rights.
- Which two nations emerged as superpowers after World War II?
- United States and Soviet Union. Nuclear powers that dominated post-war global politics.
- Which country gained independence from Spain in 1648?
- The Netherlands. Peace of Westphalia recognized Dutch independence.
- Identify the treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War.
- Peace of Westphalia (1648). Established principle of state sovereignty in Europe.
- Identify the leader of Prussia during the War of Austrian Succession.
- Frederick II (Frederick the Great). Seized Silesia from Austria, sparking the conflict.
- What was the primary cause of the Italian Wars (1494-1559)?
- Control of Italian territories. France and Habsburg powers competed for Italian dominance.
- Which two European countries fought the Hundred Years' War?
- England and France. Dynastic claims over French throne lasted 116 years.
- What was the main objective of the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815)?
- Restore balance of power in Europe. Prevented any single power from dominating Europe.
- What was the main ideological divide in Europe during the Cold War?
- Communist East vs. Capitalist West. Iron Curtain separated competing ideological systems.
- What was the primary goal of the Marshall Plan (1948)?
- Economic recovery of Europe. U.S. aid program to rebuild Western Europe.
- Identify the agreement that led to the creation of the Euro currency.
- Maastricht Treaty. Created European monetary union and single currency.
- What was the primary cause of the Bosnian War (1992-1995)?
- Ethnic tensions and territorial disputes. Yugoslav breakup led to ethnic cleansing campaigns.
- Which 20th-century war was fought over the Falkland Islands?
- Falklands War (1982). Argentina vs. Britain over disputed South Atlantic islands.
- What event is considered the beginning of the French Revolutionary Wars?
- Storming of the Bastille (1789). Revolutionary uprising sparked wars against European monarchies.
- Identify the treaty that established the European Union in 1993.
- Treaty of Maastricht. Transformed EEC into political and economic union.
- What was the main ideological conflict in the Cold War?
- Capitalism vs. Communism. Fundamental disagreement over economic and political systems.
- Identify the two main alliances in World War I.
- Allied Powers and Central Powers. Britain-France-Russia vs. Germany-Austria-Ottoman Empire.
- What was the primary aim of the Treaty of Rome (1957)?
- Create a common market in Europe. Established European Economic Community among six nations.
- What was the main cause of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648)?
- Religious conflict in the Holy Roman Empire. Protestant-Catholic conflicts devastated Central Europe.
- Which treaty ended the Crimean War?
- Treaty of Paris (1856). Neutralized the Black Sea and weakened Russia.
- Identify the policy of détente during the Cold War.
- Easing of tensions between superpowers. Reduced nuclear tensions in the 1970s.