Postwar Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Atrocities - AP European History

1. Name the agreement that led to the reunification of Germany.

   Two Plus Four Agreement. 1990 treaty allowing German reunification with Allied consent.

2. What was the primary cause of the Yugoslav Wars?

   Ethnic tensions and nationalism. Competing national identities led to violent breakup.

3. What was the primary goal of the Marshall Plan?

   Rebuild European economies post-WWII. US aid program to prevent communist expansion through economic recovery.

4. Name the treaty that established the European Economic Community.

   Treaty of Rome. 1957 treaty created the EEC, precursor to the European Union.

5. Which treaty ended the Bosnian War?

   Dayton Agreement. 1995 peace accord that partitioned Bosnia into ethnic regions.

6. Identify the year the Berlin Wall was constructed.

   1961. East Germany built it to stop emigration to the West.

7. Name the country where the Velvet Divorce occurred.

   Czechoslovakia. Peaceful split into Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993.

8. Which country experienced a civil war from 1992 to 1995?

   Bosnia and Herzegovina. Multi-ethnic conflict following Yugoslavia's breakup.

9. What was the main cause of the Irish Troubles?

   Conflict over Northern Ireland's status. Unionists wanted UK rule, nationalists sought Irish unity.

10. Which ethnic group predominantly resides in Kosovo?

    Albanians. Majority ethnic group seeking independence from Serbia.

11. Which leader initiated the policy of Glasnost?

    Mikhail Gorbachev. Policy of openness that allowed greater political freedom.

12. Identify the leader of Yugoslavia during its breakup.

    Slobodan Milošević. Serbian leader who promoted Greater Serbia nationalism.

13. Which ethnic group was targeted during the Bosnian Genocide?

    Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims). Systematic persecution and mass killing during 1990s conflict.

14. Which leader is associated with the Solidarity movement in Poland?

    Lech Wałęsa. Trade union leader who helped end communist rule.

15. What was the primary outcome of the Helsinki Accords?

    Promoted human rights in Europe. 1975 agreement established human rights principles in Europe.

16. What was the purpose of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)?

    Collective defense against aggression. Military alliance formed to counter Soviet threat in Europe.

17. Identify the policy of economic reforms in the Soviet Union under Gorbachev.

    Perestroika. Economic restructuring policy that allowed market reforms.

18. Which country experienced the Velvet Revolution in 1989?

    Czechoslovakia. Peaceful transition from communist rule to democracy.

19. What is the significance of the Schengen Agreement?

    Abolished border controls in Europe. Created passport-free travel zone between European countries.

20. Which country was the focus of the Prague Spring in 1968?

    Czechoslovakia. Reform movement crushed by Warsaw Pact invasion.

21. What year did the Soviet Union officially dissolve?

    1991. Gorbachev's reforms ultimately led to communist collapse.

22. What is the significance of the Maastricht Treaty?

    Formed the European Union in 1993. Created political and economic union with common currency.

23. What conflict is associated with the term 'The Troubles'?

    Northern Ireland conflict. Three decades of sectarian violence in Northern Ireland.

24. Which leader declared independence for Slovenia in 1991?

    Milan Kučan. First president of independent Slovenia after Yugoslav breakup.

25. Identify the conflict associated with the term 'ethnic cleansing'.

    Bosnian War. Systematic removal of ethnic groups through violence and displacement.

26. Name the policy that aimed to prevent the spread of communism.

    Containment. US strategy to limit Soviet influence during Cold War.

27. What event symbolized the end of the Cold War?

    Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. Marked the end of the Iron Curtain and Soviet influence in Europe.

28. Who was the leader of France during the Algerian War of Independence?

    Charles de Gaulle. French president who granted Algeria independence in 1962.

29. What was the primary goal of the European Coal and Steel Community?

    Unify European coal and steel production. First step toward European integration in 1951.

30. Which country did the Good Friday Agreement pertain to?

    Northern Ireland. 1998 peace agreement ended decades of sectarian violence.

31. What year did the Berlin Wall fall?

    1989. Mass celebrations marked the end of German division.

32. In which year did the Hungarian Revolution occur?

    1956. Uprising against Soviet control was brutally suppressed.

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