New Imperialism: Motivations and Methods - AP European History
- Which rebellion was a response to foreign influence in China?
- Boxer Rebellion. 1900 anti-foreign uprising against Western influence.
- Which British policy exemplified indirect rule in Africa?
- The use of local rulers. Governed through existing traditional authorities and structures.
- Which country pursued a policy of isolation until the late 19th century?
- Japan. Sakoku policy ended by American Commodore Perry's expedition.
- Name the African territory that was a focus of the Boer Wars.
- Transvaal. Boer republic contested by Britain for gold resources.
- What was the main focus of Cecil Rhodes' imperialist ambitions?
- Expansion in Southern Africa. British businessman envisioned Cape-to-Cairo railway empire.
- What was the impact of imperialism on indigenous cultures?
- Cultural erosion and loss of autonomy. Colonial policies destroyed traditional societies and practices.
- What innovation increased European interest in African colonization?
- Quinine as a malaria treatment. Medical breakthrough enabled European survival in tropical Africa.
- Which African country was known for its diamonds during imperialism?
- South Africa. Kimberley diamond mines attracted European investment and control.
- What was the main purpose of the British Raj in India?
- Administrative control and economic exploitation. Direct British rule maximized resource extraction from India.
- What was the economic system that increased European interest in colonies?
- Capitalism. Industrial system requiring global markets and resources.
- What was an immediate consequence of the Sepoy Rebellion?
- The British Crown took control of India. 1857 uprising led to direct British government rule.
- What role did technology play in New Imperialism?
- Facilitated control and exploitation of colonies. Superior weapons, transport, and communication enabled dominance.
- What was the primary motivation for the United States in the Philippines?
- Strategic military location. Pacific base for projecting American naval power in Asia.
- Which European country controlled the Congo Free State?
- Belgium. King Leopold II's personal colony with brutal exploitation.
- What was the main economic motivation for New Imperialism?
- Access to raw materials and new markets. Driven by industrial need for raw materials and export markets.
- Which continent was primarily targeted during the New Imperialism period?
- Africa. Focus of the late 19th-century European colonial expansion.
- What method did Britain use to control trade in India?
- Monopoly through the East India Company. Trading company exercised governmental authority until 1858.
- Identify the ideology that justified European imperialism as a civilizing mission.
- The White Man's Burden. Rudyard Kipling's poem justifying imperial expansion as moral duty.
- Name the African region that resisted European colonization until the 20th century.
- Ethiopia. Successfully maintained independence until Italian invasion 1935.
- Identify the primary method of administration in the French colonies.
- Assimilation. Policy of integrating colonies into French culture and institutions.
- Identify one method used by European powers to control colonies.
- Direct rule. European officials administered colonies with local assistance.
- What was the political motivation behind European countries acquiring colonies?
- To increase national prestige and power. Colonial empires demonstrated strength and status on world stage.
- What was the impact of the Suez Canal on imperialism?
- Shortened sea route to Asia. Reduced travel time and enhanced strategic control of trade.
- What was the significance of the Battle of Omdurman?
- Demonstrated European military superiority. 1898 battle showcased devastating effect of modern weapons.
- What was the outcome of the Opium Wars for China?
- Loss of sovereignty and territory. Series of defeats forced China to grant trade concessions.
- What was the primary humanitarian justification for imperialism?
- Spreading Christianity and Western values. Missionary activity justified cultural and religious imperialism.
- Which two countries almost went to war over the Fashoda Incident?
- France and Britain. 1898 colonial confrontation nearly led to European war.
- Identify the European power that colonized Indochina.
- France. Established control over Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.
- What was the primary goal of the Open Door Policy?
- Equal trade rights in China. U.S. policy preventing Chinese trade monopolization by Europeans.
- What was the effect of the Berlin Conference on African borders?
- Arbitrary borders were drawn. Ignored ethnic and tribal boundaries, creating future conflicts.
- What term describes the division of Africa by European powers?
- The Scramble for Africa. Rapid partitioning of African continent in late 1800s.
- Which African leader successfully resisted European colonization?
- Menelik II of Ethiopia. Defeated Italian forces at Battle of Adwa in 1896.
- Name the treaty that opened Japan to Western trade.
- Treaty of Kanagawa. 1854 agreement ending Japanese isolation policy.
- Which ideology promoted the survival of the fittest among nations in imperialism?
- Social Darwinism. Applied evolutionary theory to justify imperial competition.
- Identify the key economic theory supporting imperialism.
- Mercantilism. Economic policy emphasizing favorable trade balance through colonies.
- Name the conference that regulated European colonization in Africa.
- The Berlin Conference. 1884-85 meeting that partitioned Africa among European powers.
- Which technological advancement was crucial for New Imperialism?
- The steam engine. Powered ships and railways, enabling rapid colonial expansion.
- Identify the primary economic activity in British West Africa.
- Palm oil trade. Colonial economy focused on extracting and exporting palm products.
- Which Asian country was partitioned into spheres of influence?
- China. Divided into exclusive zones controlled by foreign powers.