Imperialism's Global Effects - AP European History

What was the main effect of the Treaty of Nanking on China?

Ended the First Opium War and ceded Hong Kong to Britain. First unequal treaty imposing Western terms on China.
What is the term for the belief that it was Europeans' duty to civilize other parts of the world?

The White Man's Burden. Racist ideology justifying imperialism as a civilizing mission.
Which country was known as the 'jewel in the crown' of the British Empire?

India. Britain's most valuable and profitable colony, source of wealth and prestige.
Which 19th-century military conflict was sparked by the British opium trade in China?

The Opium Wars. Britain forced China to accept opium trade through military victory.
Identify the British policy that aimed to create a continuous line of colonies from north to south Africa.

The Cape to Cairo Railway project. Cecil Rhodes' vision of continuous British territory across Africa.
What term describes a policy of extending a country's power through diplomacy or military force?

Imperialism. Policy of expanding national power and influence over other territories.
Which ideology justified European domination over other nations as a natural process?

Social Darwinism. Applied evolutionary theory to justify racial hierarchy and imperial dominance.
Identify the economic policy that aimed to make colonies serve the mother country's economy.

Mercantilism. Economic theory requiring colonies to benefit the home country exclusively.
Identify the term for the division and colonization of Africa by European powers.

The Scramble for Africa. Rapid European conquest and partition of Africa in late 1800s.
Which 1899-1902 conflict was fought between the British Empire and two Boer states?

The Second Boer War. Britain defeated Dutch settlers to control South African gold and diamonds.
Name the rebellion against British rule in India in 1857.

The Sepoy Mutiny. Indian soldiers revolted against British cultural and religious interference.
What was the main objective of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?

To regulate European colonization and trade in Africa. Established rules for claiming African territory to prevent conflicts.
What was the result of the Treaty of Tientsin for China?

Opened more ports to foreign trade after the Second Opium War. Expanded foreign access and reduced Chinese sovereignty further.
Which European nation was most associated with the colonization of Indochina?

France. Established French colonial empire in Southeast Asia.
What was a significant consequence of European imperialism in Africa?

The arbitrary division of African territories. Ignored ethnic boundaries, creating artificial borders and future conflicts.
Who was the British explorer and missionary known for his work in Africa?

David Livingstone. Famous for exploring central Africa and opposing slave trade.
What was the primary purpose of the Monroe Doctrine in the context of imperialism?

To prevent European interference in the Americas. Warned European powers against colonizing the Western Hemisphere.
Which British imperialist is associated with the phrase 'from Cape to Cairo'?

Cecil Rhodes. British businessman envisioned continuous African empire from north to south.
What was the main result of the Opium Wars for China?

Ceded Hong Kong and opened ports to British trade. Forced China to accept unequal treaties after military defeats.
Which 1898 conflict resulted in the U.S. acquiring territories in the Pacific and Caribbean?

The Spanish-American War. America gained Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico as colonies.
Which Southeast Asian country remained independent during the age of imperialism?

Siam (Thailand). Skillfully balanced European powers to maintain independence.
Which African nation successfully resisted European colonization in the 19th century?

Ethiopia. Defeated Italy at Adwa, maintained sovereignty under Menelik II.
Which European power controlled the largest colonial empire in Africa by 1914?

France. French West and Equatorial Africa covered vast territories.
Which African region was notably affected by King Leopold II's colonization efforts?

The Congo Free State. Leopold's brutal exploitation caused millions of deaths for rubber profits.
What was the primary economic motivation for European imperialism in the late 19th century?

Access to raw materials and new markets. European powers sought colonies to supply cheap resources and buy manufactured goods.
Identify the primary geopolitical motivation for British imperialism in Egypt.

Control of the Suez Canal. Strategic waterway linking Britain to India via Mediterranean and Red Sea.
What was the primary effect of the Meiji Restoration in Japan?

Modernization and westernization of Japan. 1868 reforms transformed Japan into modern industrial power.
What was the main consequence of the Fashoda Incident in 1898?

British and French tensions in Africa. Near-war over colonial claims in Sudan, resolved diplomatically.
Which rebellion was a response to foreign influence in China during the late Qing dynasty?

The Boxer Rebellion. Anti-foreign uprising against Western influence and Christian missionaries.
Identify the term for the policy of establishing colonies to gain economic dominance.

Colonialism. System of settling and governing territories for economic exploitation.
Which Asian country successfully modernized to resist Western imperialism?

Japan. Meiji reforms enabled Japan to become regional imperial power.
Identify the treaty that ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905.

The Treaty of Portsmouth. Mediated by Theodore Roosevelt, recognized Japan's regional power.
Name the concept that refers to the cultural and economic influence of Europe globally.

Westernization. Adoption of European culture, technology, and political systems globally.
Which 1884-1885 conference regulated European colonization of Africa?

The Berlin Conference. Divided Africa among European powers without African representation.
Which event marked the beginning of direct British rule in India?

The end of the Sepoy Mutiny in 1858. British Crown assumed direct control after Company rule ended.
Which 1904-1905 war marked the first major victory of an Asian power over a European nation?

The Russo-Japanese War. Japan's victory shocked Europe and demonstrated Asian military capability.

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