Comparison: Age of Absolutism and Constitutionalism - AP European History
- What is one key feature of a constitutional monarchy?
- Monarch acts as head of state within legal limits. Ceremonial ruler bound by constitutional constraints.
- What was the name of the assembly called by Charles I in 1640?
- The Long Parliament. Sat continuously challenging Charles I's authority.
- Name the English document that limited the power of the monarchy in 1689.
- The Bill of Rights. Established constitutional monarchy after Glorious Revolution.
- Which form of government did Thomas Hobbes support?
- Absolute monarchy. Believed strong monarchy necessary to prevent chaos.
- What was the primary legislative body in France under Louis XIV?
- The Estates-General. Representative assembly that Louis XIV rarely convened.
- What principle did the Peace of Westphalia establish?
- The principle of national sovereignty. States control internal affairs without external interference.
- Who was the 'Sun King' of France?
- Louis XIV. Epitome of absolute monarchy in 17th-century Europe.
- Which English king was executed after the Civil War?
- Charles I. First English monarch executed by Parliament in 1649.
- What document limits the power of government in the Netherlands?
- The Union of Utrecht. Created Dutch confederation with limited central authority.
- Which political thinker argued for a 'social contract'?
- John Locke. Theorized government by consent of the governed.
- What did the Petition of Right (1628) demand from the monarchy?
- No taxation without Parliament's consent. Required parliamentary approval for royal taxation.
- What was a key cause of the English Civil War?
- Disputes over authority between King and Parliament. Constitutional crisis over taxation and religious policies.
- Which ruler is associated with the phrase 'L'état, c'est moi'?
- Louis XIV. Claimed to embody the entire French state personally.
- What event marked the beginning of the English Commonwealth?
- Execution of Charles I. Ended monarchy and established republican government.
- What was a major consequence of the Treaty of Westphalia?
- Recognition of state sovereignty. Established principle of non-interference in domestic affairs.
- Which event is seen as the triumph of constitutionalism in England?
- The Glorious Revolution. Peaceful transition to parliamentary constitutional monarchy.
- Which monarch's reign is known as the 'Restoration' in England?
- Charles II. Returned monarchy after Cromwell's commonwealth period.
- What is the divine right of kings?
- The belief that monarchs derive authority from God. Justifies absolute monarchy through divine appointment.
- What did the Edict of Nantes grant before its revocation?
- Religious freedom to Huguenots. Protestant rights revoked by Louis XIV in 1685.
- What was the purpose of the Palace of Versailles?
- To display the power and grandeur of the French monarchy. Symbol of absolute royal power and centralized authority.
- Identify a key characteristic of constitutionalism.
- Limited government power by law or a constitution. Rules and laws restrict government authority.
- What was the name of the legislative body in England?
- Parliament. Represented constitutional limits on royal authority.
- Which form of government features a separation of powers?
- Constitutionalism. Divides power among different branches of government.
- Which document formally ended the rule of absolute monarchy in England?
- The Bill of Rights (1689). Codified constitutional monarchy and parliamentary supremacy.
- What sparked the English Civil War?
- Conflict between the monarchy and Parliament. Struggle between royal authority and parliamentary power.
- Identify one principle of the English Bill of Rights.
- Prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment. Protected individual rights against government abuse.
- Who was the first monarch after the English Restoration?
- Charles II. Restored monarchy after republican Interregnum ended.
- What event signaled the rise of parliamentary power in England?
- The Glorious Revolution. Bloodless coup establishing parliamentary supremacy over monarchy.
- What is absolutism in the context of European history?
- A system where the monarch holds total power over the state. Monarch has unchecked authority over all state affairs.
- Which absolute monarch built the Palace of Versailles?
- Louis XIV. Created symbol of absolute royal power and authority.
- Who were the main opponents in the English Civil War?
- Royalists vs. Parliamentarians. King's supporters versus Parliament's constitutional forces.
- Which philosopher advocated for separation of powers?
- Montesquieu. Promoted checks and balances in government structure.
- Which monarch is a prominent example of absolutism in France?
- Louis XIV. Known as the 'Sun King' who ruled France absolutely.
- What was the significance of the Habeas Corpus Act of 1679?
- Ensured legal protection against unlawful imprisonment. Protected citizens from arbitrary detention by authorities.
- What form of government did Oliver Cromwell establish?
- A commonwealth or republic. Non-monarchical government system during Interregnum period.
- What was Oliver Cromwell's title during his rule?
- Lord Protector. Military dictator during England's republican period.
- Identify a significant effect of the Glorious Revolution.
- Established a constitutional monarchy in England. Limited royal power through parliamentary supremacy.