20th-Century Feminism - AP European History

1. Identify the 1928 British law that established equal voting terms for women and men.

   Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act (1928). Extended voting rights to all women over 21, matching men.

2. What term describes the late $19$th- and early $20$th-century campaign for women's suffrage?

   First-wave feminism. Focused on legal rights, especially voting rights for women.

3. What term describes feminism arguing that patriarchy is a primary system of power and domination?

   Radical feminism. Sees male supremacy as root cause of women's oppression.

4. What 1970 protest at the Miss World contest highlighted feminist critiques of objectification?

   Women's Liberation protest at Miss World (London, 1970). Disrupted beauty pageant to protest women's objectification.

5. What term describes feminism that links women's oppression to capitalism and class exploitation?

   Socialist (Marxist) feminism. Views economic revolution as necessary for women's liberation.

6. Who was the first woman to serve as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom?

   Margaret Thatcher. Conservative leader who broke gender barriers in British politics.

7. Name the feminist who famously wrote 'A Room of One's Own'.

   Virginia Woolf. British writer who argued for women's intellectual freedom in 1929.

8. What 1903 British organization led militant tactics for women's suffrage under Emmeline Pankhurst?

   Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). Used militant tactics like hunger strikes and property damage.

9. What term describes feminism focused on women's legal equality in education, work, and politics?

   Liberal feminism. Seeks reform within existing political and economic systems.

10. What phrase is most associated with de Beauvoir's claim that gender is socially constructed?

    "One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman.". Argues femininity is learned through social conditioning.

11. What 1979 UN treaty set global standards to end discrimination against women?

    CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women). Defines discrimination and requires state action for equality.

12. What term describes the post-$1990$ feminist emphasis on diversity, identity, and intersectionality?

    Third-wave feminism. Embraces multiple feminisms and challenges universal womanhood.

13. What was the primary goal of the 'Women's March on Versailles' during the French Revolution?

    Demand bread and political reforms. 1789 march demanding food and constitutional monarchy.

14. What 1967 UK law expanded legal access to abortion under specified conditions?

    Abortion Act (1967). Allowed abortion up to 24 weeks with two doctors' approval.

15. What 1970 UK law required equal pay for equal work, influenced by labor and feminist activism?

    Equal Pay Act (1970). Mandated equal wages for substantially similar work.

16. What 1949 work by Simone de Beauvoir became foundational to postwar feminist theory?

    The Second Sex. Analyzed women's oppression through existentialist philosophy.

17. Who wrote 'The Second Sex', a foundational feminist text?

    Simone de Beauvoir. French philosopher who analyzed women's oppression in 1949.

18. Identify the 1918 British law that enfranchised many women aged $30$ and over.

    Representation of the People Act (1918). Required property ownership and excluded women under 30.

19. Who was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize?

    Marie Curie. Polish scientist awarded Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry.

20. What term describes the $1960$s–$1970$s movement for legal equality, reproductive rights, and liberation?

    Second-wave feminism. Expanded beyond suffrage to workplace and reproductive rights.

21. In which year did women in Switzerland gain the right to vote in federal elections?

    1971. Switzerland was one of the last Western democracies to enfranchise women.

22. What 1975 UN event helped internationalize women's rights agendas during the Cold War era?

    UN International Women's Year (1975). Launched UN Decade for Women and global feminist dialogue.

23. Which event in 1913 marked a key moment in the British suffrage movement?

    The Suffragette Derby incident. Emily Davison's fatal protest at Epsom Derby racing.

24. Which 20th-century feminist was a co-founder of the Women's Social and Political Union?

    Emmeline Pankhurst. British suffragette leader known for militant tactics.

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