Demographic Transition - AP Environmental Science
- Identify the stage where technological advancement influences population growth.
- Stage 2. Industrial innovations improve nutrition, sanitation, and medicine.
- What occurs in Stage 3 of the demographic transition?
- Birth rates decline. Families choose smaller sizes due to economic and social changes.
- What factor leads to a demographic shift to Stage 2?
- Improved medical care. Better healthcare reduces infant and maternal mortality significantly.
- In which stage do countries typically have a high dependency ratio?
- Stage 5. Many elderly relative to working-age population creates economic burden.
- Identify the stage of rapid population growth.
- Stage 2. Population explodes as death rates fall faster than birth rates.
- Which stage experiences a demographic shift due to urbanization?
- Stage 3. City growth changes family economics and reproductive behavior.
- What is a key feature of the demographic transition model?
- Transition from high to low birth and death rates. Tracks population changes from pre-industrial to modern societies.
- Identify a major demographic factor in Stage 4.
- Low fertility rates. Contraception and economic factors reduce family sizes significantly.
- Which stage might experience population decline?
- Stage 5. Birth rates may fall below replacement level in developed nations.
- Which stage is marked by stable population growth?
- Stage 4. Birth and death rates reach equilibrium near replacement level.
- Which stage may involve net migration as a demographic factor?
- Stage 4. Immigration may compensate for low natural population growth.
- Identify the stage where life expectancy increases significantly.
- Stage 2. Healthcare improvements dramatically extend average lifespan.
- What demographic trend is observed during Stage 2?
- Decreasing death rates. Medical advances reduce mortality while fertility stays high.
- Which stage is marked by changes in women's roles in society?
- Stage 3. Women gain education and career opportunities, delaying childbearing.
- What is the primary cause of population stabilization in Stage 4?
- Balanced birth and death rates. Both rates reach low, stable levels creating zero growth.
- What change in birth rates occurs during Stage 4?
- Birth rates stabilize. Fertility reaches replacement level, ending population growth.
- What is a potential feature of Stage 5?
- Aging population and declining birth rates. Below-replacement fertility leads to population shrinkage.
- Identify a social change during Stage 3.
- Increased access to education. Women's education and workforce participation reduce fertility.
- What economic transition occurs during Stage 3?
- Shift from agriculture to industry. Economic development changes family structure and reproductive choices.
- What is a defining factor of the transition to Stage 3?
- Family planning. Contraception access and reproductive education become widespread.
- What is the primary demographic trend in Stage 5?
- Declining birth rates and aging population. Advanced societies may face population shrinkage challenges.
- Which stage is characterized by a demographic transition towards zero population growth?
- Stage 4. Both birth and death rates stabilize at very low levels.
- What demographic trend is significant in Stage 4 countries?
- Aging population. Longer lifespans create larger elderly populations over time.
- What characterizes the pre-industrial stage?
- High birth and death rates. Limited medical care and high infant mortality define this stage.
- What demographic change occurs in Stage 3?
- Falling birth rates. Economic development and education reduce desired family size.
- Which stage is characterized by declining death rates?
- Stage 2. Death rates drop due to improved healthcare while birth rates remain high.
- Which demographic transition stage is associated with industrialization?
- Stage 2. Industrial development improves living standards and healthcare access.
- What is a major demographic characteristic of Stage 4?
- Stable population size. Population growth essentially stops with balanced vital rates.
- What is one effect of improved healthcare in Stage 2?
- Reduced mortality rates. Better sanitation, vaccines, and medical care save lives.
- What is one demographic outcome of Stage 5?
- Population decline. Birth rates drop below replacement, shrinking total population.
- What is the demographic transition model?
- A model describing population change over time. Shows how birth and death rates change through economic development stages.
- What is one consequence of an aging population in Stage 5?
- Higher healthcare costs. More elderly require expensive medical care and social services.
- In which stage do population growth rates begin to decline?
- Stage 3. Birth rates start falling as economic conditions improve.