Data Abstraction · AP Computer Science Principles

AP Computer Science Principles Quiz

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ALGORITHMS AND PROGRAMMING

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A city builds a Traffic Management System to reduce rush-hour delays using data abstraction. Road sensors stream raw records like (timestamp, intersectionID, laneID, speed, vehicleCount). To simplify, the system classifies each intersection into an abstract summary: totalVehiclesPerMinute, averageSpeed, and a congestionLevel label (LOW/MED/HIGH). It stores these summaries in a list of IntersectionStatus objects instead of keeping every raw sensor record for decision-making. An algorithm runs every minute to adjust signal timing: it finds intersections with HIGH congestion, then increases their green time by 5 seconds while decreasing nearby LOW intersections by 5 seconds, keeping total cycle time constant. Example pseudocode:

FOR each status IN intersectionStatuses:
  IF status.congestionLevel = "HIGH":
     status.greenTime ← status.greenTime + 5
  ELSE IF status.congestionLevel = "LOW":
     status.greenTime ← status.greenTime - 5

Based on the scenario described, how does data abstraction facilitate algorithmic processing in the described system?

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