Ethical/Social Issues Around Data Collection - AP Computer Science A

1. Define data transparency.

   Data transparency refers to openness in how data is collected, used, and shared. Builds trust by making data practices visible to users.

2. Identify a challenge in data ethics.

   Balancing innovation with privacy concerns is a challenge in data ethics. Organizations must weigh technological progress against privacy rights.

3. Identify a consequence of a data breach.

   Loss of consumer trust is a significant consequence of a data breach. Users lose confidence in organizations that fail to protect their data.

4. What is data accuracy?

   Data accuracy refers to the correctness and completeness of the data collected. Essential for making reliable decisions and maintaining trust.

5. What is the aim of the GDPR?

   The GDPR aims to protect the privacy and personal data of individuals within the EU. Gives EU residents greater control over their personal data.

6. Identify a social issue related to big data.

   Data privacy concerns are a significant social issue related to big data. Large-scale data analysis can threaten individual privacy.

7. What is data sovereignty?

   Data sovereignty is the concept that data is subject to the laws of the country where it is located. Determines which country's laws apply to data processing.

8. What are cookies in the context of web data?

   Cookies are small text files stored on a user's device to track and record online activity. Enable personalized experiences but raise privacy concerns.

9. What is data privacy?

   Data privacy is the protection of personal information from unauthorized access. Ensures individuals control access to their personal information.

10. What is the purpose of a privacy policy?

    A privacy policy informs users about how their data is collected, used, and protected. Creates transparency between organizations and users about data practices.

11. Identify an ethical concern with facial recognition technology.

    Potential invasion of privacy is an ethical concern with facial recognition. Technology can track individuals without explicit consent.

12. What does GDPR stand for?

    GDPR stands for General Data Protection Regulation. EU regulation governing data protection and privacy rights.

13. Identify the primary goal of data protection laws.

    The primary goal is to safeguard personal information from misuse and unauthorized access. Protects individuals from harm caused by data misuse.

14. Define the term 'data subject'.

    A data subject is an individual whose personal data is collected and processed. The person whose data rights are protected under privacy laws.

15. What does data anonymization mean?

    Data anonymization is the process of removing personally identifiable information from data sets. Helps protect privacy while preserving data utility for analysis.

16. Identify an ethical issue related to data mining.

    Privacy invasion is a significant ethical issue in data mining. Data mining can reveal personal patterns without user awareness.

17. What is the purpose of encryption in data security?

    Encryption protects data by converting it into a secure format unreadable without a key. Makes data unreadable to unauthorized parties during storage or transmission.

18. What is informed consent in data collection?

    Informed consent is the process of obtaining permission before collecting personal data. Ensures users understand what data is being collected and how it's used.

19. What is the role of a data protection officer (DPO)?

    A DPO oversees data protection strategy and compliance within an organization. Ensures organizational compliance with data protection regulations.

20. What is a privacy impact assessment (PIA)?

    A PIA is a process to evaluate the effects of a project on privacy and data protection. Identifies potential privacy risks before implementation.

21. What is the principle of 'least privilege'?

    The principle of 'least privilege' grants users the minimum access necessary for their role. Reduces security risks by limiting potential attack surfaces.

22. Identify an ethical issue with predictive analytics.

    Potential discrimination is an ethical issue with predictive analytics. Algorithms may perpetuate or amplify existing societal biases.

23. What is the right to be forgotten?

    The right to be forgotten allows individuals to have their personal data deleted upon request. Gives individuals control over their digital footprint.

24. What is data profiling?

    Data profiling is analyzing data attributes to summarize information about it. Helps understand data quality and structure for better analysis.

25. What does data portability mean?

    Data portability allows individuals to obtain and reuse their data across different services. Prevents vendor lock-in and promotes user autonomy.

26. Define the term 'data controller'.

    A data controller determines the purposes and means of processing personal data. Has legal responsibility for ensuring compliant data processing.

27. What is a data ethics framework?

    A data ethics framework provides guidelines to ensure ethical data collection and use. Helps organizations make responsible decisions about data use.

28. What is data ownership?

    Data ownership refers to having legal rights and control over a particular set of data. Establishes who can access, modify, and make decisions about data.

29. What is the purpose of data governance?

    Data governance ensures data quality, security, and compliance with regulations. Creates systematic approach to managing data throughout organization.

30. Define data security.

    Data security involves safeguarding digital data from unauthorized access and corruption. Protects against both external threats and internal corruption.

31. Define 'data lifecycle'.

    Data lifecycle refers to the stages data goes through, from creation to deletion. Maps data journey from initial collection to final disposal.

32. Identify a risk of algorithmic decision-making.

    Algorithmic bias is a significant risk of algorithmic decision-making. Automated decisions may unfairly disadvantage certain groups.

33. What is ethical hacking?

    Ethical hacking involves legally breaking into computers to test a system's defenses. Authorized testing helps identify vulnerabilities before malicious attacks.

34. Identify a key principle of ethical data collection.

    Respect for privacy is a key principle of ethical data collection. Fundamental to building trust and following legal requirements.

35. What is data literacy?

    Data literacy is the ability to read, understand, create, and communicate data as information. Essential skill for making informed decisions in a data-driven world.

36. What is data retention?

    Data retention is the continued storage of data for compliance or business reasons. Balances business needs with privacy and storage costs.

37. Identify a benefit of data anonymization.

    Data anonymization can help protect individual privacy while sharing insights. Enables research and analytics while protecting individual identities.

38. Define data bias.

    Data bias occurs when a dataset is not representative of the population it is meant to reflect. Unrepresentative data leads to skewed conclusions and unfair outcomes.

39. What is a data breach?

    A data breach is an incident where unauthorized individuals gain access to sensitive data. Can expose personal information leading to identity theft or misuse.

40. What is the principle of data minimization?

    Data minimization involves collecting only the data that is necessary for a specific purpose. Reduces privacy risks by limiting data collection scope.

41. What is the digital divide?

    The digital divide refers to the gap between those with and without access to digital technology. Creates inequality in access to information and opportunities.

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