AP Comparative Government and Politics Quiz
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POLITICAL SYSTEMS, REGIMES, AND GOVERNMENTS
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Read the passage. In the Czech lands, democratization followed the peaceful "Velvet Revolution" of 1989. For decades, a communist regime had restricted political competition, controlled media, and limited civil society. Public frustration grew as economic performance lagged and citizens compared living standards with Western Europe. In late 1989, mass demonstrations expanded in Prague and other cities, and security forces ultimately refrained from large-scale repression. Civic Forum, a broad opposition movement, negotiated with the ruling party and pressed for free elections and constitutional change. Václav Havel, a dissident playwright and prominent spokesperson, helped unify diverse groups by emphasizing nonviolence, human rights, and a return to open politics. Soon after, the communist leadership resigned, and a transitional government prepared competitive elections. International organizations later reinforced reforms. The European Union offered accession talks tied to independent courts, transparent administration, and protections for political pluralism. NATO cooperation supported civilian oversight of defense institutions and reassured leaders during regional uncertainty. Challenges persisted despite success. The transition required rewriting laws, removing old security elites, and managing economic restructuring that produced unemployment in some areas. Political parties also had to develop stable identities after years of enforced uniformity. Today, democratic procedures remained central, while debates about corruption and political trust continued. What role did Václav Havel play in democratization according to the passage?
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