Political Values and Beliefs - AP Comparative Government and Politics
- What is the difference between political values and political beliefs?
- Values are core principles; beliefs are perceptions about politics. Values are fundamental ideals while beliefs are specific opinions about political reality.
- What political value is associated with maintaining traditional institutions?
- Conservatism. Seeks to preserve established customs, institutions, and gradual rather than revolutionary change.
- What is the role of interest groups in politics?
- Interest groups seek to influence public policy and government decisions. They mobilize citizens around specific issues and provide information to policymakers.
- What is the belief in the importance of international cooperation?
- Globalism. Promotes international integration and collective action on global challenges and issues.
- What is the belief in government ownership of key industries?
- Socialism. Supports government control of strategic sectors to ensure equitable distribution of resources.
- Identify a belief associated with liberalism.
- Advocacy for individual rights and government intervention for social welfare. Balances individual freedoms with government action to promote equality and opportunity.
- What is the term for belief in free and fair elections?
- Electoral democracy. Fundamental principle of democratic governance ensuring peaceful transfer of political power.
- What is a core belief of communitarianism?
- The belief in the importance of community in shaping individuals. Emphasizes social bonds and collective responsibility over individual rights and autonomy.
- Identify a characteristic of authoritarianism.
- Centralized power without constitutional accountability. Leaders exercise power without checks and balances or democratic oversight mechanisms.
- What is political culture?
- Political culture is the set of attitudes, beliefs, and sentiments that shape political behavior. It encompasses the shared norms and values that influence how citizens participate in politics.
- Which political ideology prioritizes environmental protection?
- Green politics. Advocates for sustainable development and environmental conservation in policy making.
- Which term describes a belief in minimal government intervention?
- Libertarianism. Emphasizes maximum individual freedom and minimum government interference in personal choices.
- Identify a characteristic of a secular state.
- Separation of religion from government affairs. Ensures government neutrality in religious matters and protects religious freedom for all.
- What is the belief that government should provide universal healthcare?
- Universal healthcare advocacy. Supports government-funded healthcare as a fundamental right rather than a market commodity.
- What describes a belief in the power of the people to govern?
- Democracy. Emphasizes popular sovereignty and citizen participation in governmental decision-making.
- What is a key belief of anarchism?
- The belief in abolishing all forms of government authority. Views all forms of state authority as illegitimate and oppressive to individual freedom.
- What is a pluralist view of politics?
- The pluralist view holds that multiple groups compete to influence policy. Contrasts with elite theory, which sees concentrated power among a small ruling class.
- Identify one key component of political ideology.
- A key component is the set of beliefs about the ideal political system. Ideologies include beliefs about government's proper role and how society should be organized.
- Define civic nationalism.
- Civic nationalism is based on shared citizenship and political values. Contrasts with ethnic nationalism, which is based on shared ancestry and culture.
- Identify a primary agent of political socialization.
- The family. Family transmits political attitudes and partisan loyalties from parents to children.
- What is the significance of political parties?
- Political parties organize to win elections and shape government policy. They aggregate interests, nominate candidates, and provide structure for democratic governance.
- What belief supports the idea that government should be small?
- Conservatism. Emphasizes limited government, traditional values, and free market economic policies.
- What is a civic duty?
- A civic duty is a responsibility of citizens to engage in societal actions like voting. Essential for maintaining democratic society and ensuring government accountability to citizens.
- Define multiculturalism.
- Multiculturalism values diverse cultural backgrounds within a society. Promotes inclusion and respect for different cultural traditions within a unified society.
- Which political value emphasizes equality and social justice?
- Progressivism. Supports government intervention to reduce inequality and expand social programs.
- Define populism.
- Populism emphasizes the role of the 'common people' against elites. Appeals to ordinary citizens by claiming to represent their interests against corrupt elites.
- What does 'political efficacy' mean?
- Political efficacy is the belief in one's ability to influence political processes. High efficacy increases political participation while low efficacy reduces civic engagement.
- Which system emphasizes free market and individual liberty?
- Capitalism. Based on private property rights and market competition with minimal government regulation.
- Define political legitimacy.
- Political legitimacy is the right to rule, as recognized by the governed. Based on consent of the governed and acceptance of the government's authority to make decisions.
- What is meant by 'political socialization'?
- Political socialization is the process of acquiring political beliefs and values. Occurs through family, education, media, and peer groups throughout one's lifetime.
- What is a political ideology?
- A political ideology is a coherent set of beliefs about politics and policy. Provides a framework for understanding government's role and organizing political preferences.
- Identify the belief in minimal state intervention in personal liberties.
- Libertarianism. Advocates for maximum personal freedom with minimal government regulation of individual choices.
- What is a belief in human equality called?
- Egalitarianism. Advocates for equal rights, opportunities, and treatment regardless of social status or background.
- Define nationalism.
- Nationalism is the belief in the superiority and interests of one's nation. Often includes belief in national sovereignty and cultural superiority over other nations.
- What is the belief in the state's responsibility to protect citizens' welfare?
- Welfare state ideology. Government provides social safety net including healthcare, education, and unemployment benefits.
- What is socialism?
- Socialism advocates for social ownership and egalitarian distribution of resources. Emphasizes collective ownership and democratic control of the means of production.
- Identify a belief characteristic of fascism.
- Authoritarian nationalism and suppression of opposition. Combines extreme nationalism with dictatorial power and forcible suppression of opposition voices.
- What term describes a system where power is shared among many?
- Federalism. Divides authority between national and regional governments to prevent concentration of power.