Political Ideologies - AP Comparative Government and Politics
- What is the belief central to monarchism?
- Support for a monarchical form of government. Traditional system of hereditary rule by a single sovereign.
- Define socialism in political ideology.
- A system advocating for social ownership and egalitarian distribution. Economic system contrasting with capitalism through collective control.
- Identify a central priority of feminism.
- Advocating for gender equality and women's rights. Movement addressing historical and ongoing gender-based inequalities.
- Identify a core principle of fascism.
- Centralized autocratic government and dictatorial leadership. Authoritarian structure rejecting democracy and individual rights.
- Identify a key feature of meritocracy.
- Power and responsibility distributed based on ability and talent. System rewarding competence rather than wealth or connections.
- Identify a primary feature of a welfare state.
- Government plays a key role in protecting and promoting social welfare. System providing social safety net through government programs.
- What is a primary concern of neoconservatism?
- Promotion of democracy and national interest in foreign policy. Conservative approach emphasizing strong defense and democracy promotion.
- Define the term 'political spectrum.'
- A system to characterize and classify political positions. Framework organizing ideologies from left to right positions.
- What does conservatism prioritize in society?
- Tradition, social stability, and authority. Values that resist rapid change and promote established institutions.
- Define the concept of multiculturalism.
- Recognition and appreciation of diverse cultures. Policy approach celebrating cultural diversity within society.
- What is the central idea of syndicalism?
- Workers' ownership and management of industry. Labor movement advocating worker control over production.
- What does communitarianism emphasize?
- The importance of community in the functioning of political life. Philosophy balancing individual rights with collective responsibilities.
- What does centrism advocate?
- Moderation and balance in political views. Position avoiding political extremes from left or right.
- What does nationalism emphasize?
- Loyalty and devotion to one's nation. Political force that can unite or divide populations across borders.
- What is the primary goal of communism?
- Establishment of a classless, stateless society. Ultimate Marxist vision eliminating private property and government.
- What is a key concept in neo-liberalism?
- Deregulation and free-market policies. Economic philosophy emphasizing privatization and reduced regulation.
- What is a fundamental aspect of secularism?
- Separation of religion from civic and public affairs. Principle keeping religious institutions separate from state affairs.
- Define the economic principle of laissez-faire.
- Minimal governmental interference in economic affairs. Economic principle allowing market forces to operate without regulation.
- What is the main goal of totalitarianism?
- Complete control by the state over society and public life. Extreme authoritarianism controlling all aspects of citizens' lives.
- What does egalitarianism advocate for?
- Equality of all people, politically, economically, and socially. Philosophy promoting equal treatment and opportunities for all.
- What is the focus of technocracy?
- Governance by technical experts. System prioritizing expertise over democratic representation.
- What is a key belief of libertarianism?
- Maximizing individual liberty with minimal government intervention. Philosophy balancing individual freedom with limited state power.
- Identify a key characteristic of liberalism.
- Emphasis on individual rights and freedoms. Core principle distinguishing liberalism from more authoritarian ideologies.
- Identify the primary focus of pacifism.
- Opposition to war and violence. Moral position rejecting violence as means of resolving conflict.
- What is the main concern of cosmopolitanism?
- Universal human rights and global citizenship. Worldview transcending national boundaries for global cooperation.
- What does environmentalism advocate for?
- Protection and preservation of the natural environment. Movement prioritizing ecological concerns in policy decisions.
- Identify a characteristic of authoritarianism.
- Concentration of power in a leader or elite not constitutionally responsible. System lacking democratic accountability and civil liberties.
- What is the definition of political ideology?
- A set of beliefs about politics, public policy, and public purpose. Framework that guides how people view government's role and society's organization.
- What is the main objective of social democracy?
- Promoting social justice within a capitalist framework. Combines market economy with strong social welfare programs.
- What does libertarian socialism emphasize?
- Direct democracy and voluntary association without central authority. Combines socialist economics with libertarian political structure.
- What does Marxism primarily critique?
- The capitalist system and its social relations. Theory analyzing class struggle and economic exploitation.
- Identify a defining trait of populism.
- Emphasis on the rights and power of the common people. Appeals to ordinary citizens against established elites.
- Identify the focus of green politics.
- Ecological and social sustainability. Environmental movement linking ecological and social justice issues.
- What is the focus of progressivism?
- Advocating for social reform and advancement. Ideology supporting gradual improvement of society through reform.
- What does pluralism encourage in politics?
- Diverse and competing centers of power. Democratic theory valuing multiple viewpoints and group representation.
- What is anarchism's stance on government?
- Advocates for the abolition of all government. Extreme position viewing all forms of state authority as illegitimate.
- Identify the core of Islamic fundamentalism.
- Strict adherence to Islamic law and beliefs. Religious ideology seeking to implement traditional Islamic governance.