Impact of Industrialization and Economic Development - AP Comparative Government and Politics
- What is the role of the government in economic development?
- To create policies and environments conducive to growth. Provides regulations, infrastructure, and economic incentives.
- What is a negative environmental impact of industrialization?
- Increased pollution and environmental degradation. Factory emissions and waste harm air, water, and soil.
- What is 'industrial policy'?
- Government measures aimed at promoting economic growth in specific sectors. Targeted support for key industries through subsidies and regulations.
- What is a 'mixed economy'?
- An economic system combining private and public enterprise. Balances market freedom with government regulation.
- Identify a social consequence of industrialization.
- Increased social stratification and class division. Creates distinct working and capitalist classes.
- Which policy can promote economic development?
- Infrastructure investment. Roads, railways, and utilities support industrial expansion.
- What is the 'service sector'?
- Economic activities that provide services rather than goods. Banking, healthcare, education, and retail industries.
- Name a negative impact of globalization.
- Loss of local industries to international competition. Global competition can destroy domestic manufacturing jobs.
- Name an economic goal of developing nations.
- Achieving sustainable development. Growth that doesn't deplete resources or harm environment.
- What economic theory explains industrialization impacts?
- Modernization theory. Suggests societies progress through stages from traditional to modern.
- What role does technology play in industrialization?
- It enables more efficient production and drives industrial growth. Machinery and innovation increase productivity and scale.
- Identify a political impact of industrialization.
- The rise of labor unions and workers' rights movements. Workers organize to demand better wages and conditions.
- Define the term 'urbanization.'
- The process of population shift from rural to urban areas. Movement driven by industrial job opportunities in cities.
- What is a common characteristic of industrial economies?
- A high level of mechanization and factory-based production. Mass production using machines in centralized facilities.
- Name a challenge faced by developing countries during industrialization.
- Balancing industrial growth with environmental sustainability. Must manage rapid change while protecting environment.
- Which economic model focuses on industrial-led development?
- The industrial model of economic development. Prioritizes manufacturing growth to drive economic progress.
- Which sector typically grows first during industrialization?
- The manufacturing sector. Factories and production facilities expand before services.
- Identify a cultural impact of industrialization.
- Cultural homogenization and loss of traditional lifestyles. Urban industrial culture replaces rural traditions.
- How does industrialization affect employment patterns?
- It shifts employment from agriculture to manufacturing and services. Creates factory jobs while reducing farm employment.
- Name a benefit of economic development.
- Improved living standards. Higher incomes, better healthcare, and quality of life.
- What is 'economic inequality'?
- The unequal distribution of income and opportunity between different groups. Wealth and opportunity gaps create social tensions.
- What is industrialization?
- The process of transforming an economy from agrarian to industrial. Key transition marking shift from manual labor to mechanized production.
- Identify one major impact of industrialization on urbanization.
- Increased urbanization as people moved to cities for factory jobs. Factory jobs concentrated in cities, drawing rural workers.
- Which country is considered a leader in early industrialization?
- The United Kingdom. First to develop steam power and factory systems.
- Identify a consequence of rapid urbanization.
- Overcrowding and inadequate infrastructure in cities. Cities grow faster than housing and services can expand.
- Which term describes a decrease in a nation's poverty rate?
- Poverty alleviation. Reducing the percentage of population living in poverty.
- Identify a factor that can hinder industrialization.
- Lack of access to capital. Without funding, businesses cannot buy machinery or expand.
- What is economic development?
- Progress in an economy indicated by higher living standards and GDP growth. Measured by improvements in income, health, and infrastructure.
- What is 'sustainable development'?
- Development meeting present needs without compromising future generations. Balances current needs with long-term environmental protection.
- What is a 'developed country'?
- A nation with a high level of industrialization and income. Advanced infrastructure, technology, and living standards.
- Name a key factor that drives economic development.
- Investment in human capital. Education and skills training boost productivity and innovation.
- What is the relationship between industrialization and GDP?
- Industrialization generally leads to an increase in GDP. Higher production efficiency boosts national economic output.
- What is 'economic liberalization'?
- The reduction of state involvement in the economy to promote growth. Removes trade barriers and privatizes state-owned enterprises.
- What is 'globalization'?
- The increasing interconnectedness of the world's economies. Trade, communication, and investment link world economies.
- Which innovation is often linked to the start of industrialization?
- The steam engine. Powered machinery and transportation, enabling mass production.
- What is 'foreign direct investment' (FDI)?
- Investment by a firm in one country in business interests in another. Cross-border investment brings capital and technology transfer.
- Identify one global impact of industrialization.
- Increased global trade and economic interdependence. Industrial nations export goods and import resources globally.
- What is 'capital accumulation'?
- The growth of capital resources, including human capital and physical capital. Investment in machinery, buildings, and worker skills.
- What is the 'industrial revolution'?
- A period of major industrialization that began in the late 18th century. Started in Britain, transformed global production methods.
- Which economic sector typically declines during industrialization?
- The agricultural sector. Workers leave farms for higher-paying factory jobs.