Change in Power and Authority - AP Comparative Government and Politics
- Define devolution.
- The transfer of power from central to regional governments. Creates more autonomous regional governance without full independence.
- What is a constitutional monarchy?
- A monarchy limited by laws and a constitution. Monarch serves as symbolic head while elected officials govern.
- What is the role of civil society in governance?
- To provide a space for public participation and advocacy. Independent organizations bridge gap between citizens and state.
- What is the primary role of a constitution in a state?
- To outline the fundamental principles and laws governing a state. Establishes the framework for how government operates and limits power.
- Which concept describes the people's right to choose their government?
- Sovereignty. Ultimate authority rests with the people in democratic systems.
- What is clientelism?
- A system where goods/services are exchanged for political support. Creates personal loyalty networks between patrons and clients.
- Identify a key feature of democratic consolidation.
- The widespread acceptance of democracy as a permanent form of governance. Democracy becomes the 'only game in town' for all political actors.
- Identify the primary function of a bureaucracy.
- To implement government policies and decisions. Professional civil service ensures continuity and expertise.
- What is judicial independence?
- The judiciary's freedom from influence by other branches of government. Essential for impartial interpretation and enforcement of laws.
- Identify the primary characteristic of a presidential system.
- The executive is separate from the legislature. President serves as both head of state and government.
- What is the definition of economic liberalization?
- The removal of state controls over economic activities. Reduces government intervention in markets and trade.
- Define the term 'political pluralism'.
- The existence of multiple political parties and groups. Allows diverse interests to compete in the political arena.
- What is the main goal of political reform?
- To improve or amend existing political structures. Gradual change within existing system rather than revolution.
- Identify a major risk associated with rapid democratization.
- Political instability. Too-rapid change can overwhelm new democratic institutions.
- What is the primary function of a political party?
- To organize and facilitate political representation. Links citizens to government through structured political participation.
- Identify a key feature of a parliamentary system.
- The executive is derived from the legislative branch. Prime minister and cabinet are accountable to parliament.
- What does the term 'authoritarian persistence' refer to?
- The continued existence of authoritarian regimes. Authoritarian systems adapt and survive despite democratic pressures.
- Which term refers to the peaceful transfer of power between governments?
- Political succession. Ensures continuity and stability in governmental transitions.
- What is the definition of a political revolution?
- A fundamental change in political power and organization. Involves complete transformation of existing political structures.
- Which principle ensures that laws apply equally to all citizens?
- Rule of law. Prevents arbitrary government action and protects individual rights.
- What is the main purpose of political socialization?
- To transmit political culture and values to individuals. Shapes citizen attitudes and expectations about government.
- What is a hybrid regime?
- A government with both democratic and authoritarian elements. Combines competitive elections with authoritarian practices.
- Which system of government centralizes power in a single authority?
- Unitary system. All power flows from one central government institution.
- What is the definition of political legitimacy?
- The right to rule, as recognized by citizens and/or the international community. Legitimacy requires consent from those being governed.
- What is the meaning of civic nationalism?
- National identity based on shared citizenship and values. Unites diverse groups around common political principles.
- Which term refers to a government based on religious law?
- Theocracy. Religious authorities hold supreme political power.
- Define the term 'oligarchy'.
- A form of government where power is held by a small group. Elite control often based on wealth, military, or social status.
- Identify the main purpose of checks and balances.
- To ensure no branch of government gains too much power. Creates accountability and prevents abuse of power.
- What is a semi-presidential system?
- A system with both a president and a prime minister. Divides executive power between elected president and appointed PM.
- Identify the main characteristic of a totalitarian regime.
- The state's control over all aspects of public and private life. Goes beyond authoritarianism to control all aspects of society.
- What is a coup d'état?
- A sudden, illegal overthrow of a government by a small group. Typically involves military or political elites seizing control quickly.
- Which system uses separate branches of government to distribute power?
- Separation of powers. Prevents concentration of authority in any single institution.
- Which term describes the transition from authoritarian to democratic governance?
- Democratization. Process involves establishing democratic institutions and practices.
- What is a federal system?
- A system where power is divided between national and regional governments. Allows for shared sovereignty between different levels of government.
- What is an authoritarian regime?
- A government characterized by limited political freedoms. Restricts opposition and civil liberties while maintaining some legitimacy.
- What is the role of a head of state in parliamentary systems?
- Ceremonial representative of the nation. Provides dignity and continuity while remaining politically neutral.
- Which concept involves the redistribution of power to lower levels of government?
- Decentralization. Brings government closer to citizens and increases participation.
- What is the definition of a failed state?
- A state unable to provide basic services or maintain order. Loses monopoly on legitimate use of force within its territory.