VSEPR and Hybridization - AP Chemistry

1. What hybridization corresponds to trigonal planar geometry?

   $sp^2$. Three electron domains require three hybrid orbitals from $s$ and two $p$.

2. What hybridization corresponds to trigonal planar geometry?

   $sp^2$. Three electron domains require three hybrid orbitals from $s$ and two $p$.

3. What is the hybridization of the central atom in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)?

   $sp^3$. Four bonding pairs around carbon require $sp^3$ hybridization.

4. Determine the molecular geometry of ClF₃.

   T-shaped. Three bonding pairs and two lone pairs create T-shaped arrangement.

5. Determine the hybridization of an atom with 3 sigma bonds and no lone pairs.

   $sp^2$. Three electron domains require $s$ + two $p$ hybrid orbitals.

6. State the hybridization of the central atom in a molecule with tetrahedral geometry.

   $sp^3$. Four electron domains require four hybrid orbitals from $s$ and three $p$ orbitals.

7. What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and no lone pairs?

   Linear. Two bonding pairs arrange in straight line to minimize repulsion.

8. Determine the hybridization of an atom with 2 sigma bonds and 2 lone pairs.

   $sp^3$. Total of four electron domains requires $sp^3$ hybridization.

9. What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

   Bent. Lone pair forces two bonding pairs into bent arrangement.

10. What hybridization corresponds to a linear molecular geometry?

    $sp$. Two electron domains require two hybrid orbitals from $s$ and $p$.

11. State the hybridization of the central atom in a molecule with tetrahedral geometry.

    $sp^3$. Four electron domains require four hybrid orbitals from $s$ and three $p$ orbitals.

12. Determine the hybridization of an atom with 3 sigma bonds and no lone pairs.

    $sp^2$. Three electron domains require $s$ + two $p$ hybrid orbitals.

13. What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

    Bent. Lone pair forces two bonding pairs into bent arrangement.

14. Identify the hybridization of the central atom in ethyne ($C_2H_2$).

    $sp$. Triple bond creates two electron domains requiring $sp$ hybridization.

15. What is the bond angle in a molecule with trigonal planar geometry?

    120°. Three electron domains spread equally around 360° gives 120° angles.

16. Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

    Trigonal Planar. Three bonding pairs arrange in flat triangular shape.

17. What is the molecular geometry of water (H₂O)?

    Bent. Two lone pairs on oxygen force bonding pairs into bent arrangement.

18. Determine the molecular geometry of ClF₃.

    T-shaped. Three bonding pairs and two lone pairs create T-shaped arrangement.

19. Which molecular shape results from 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?

    Bent. Four electron domains with two lone pairs creates bent molecular shape.

20. What is the hybridization of the central atom in carbon dioxide (CO₂)?

    $sp$. Two double bonds around carbon create two electron domains.

21. Determine the hybridization of an atom with 3 sigma bonds and 1 lone pair.

    $sp^3$. Total of four electron domains requires four hybrid orbitals.

22. What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in ethene (C₂H₄)?

    $sp^2$. Three electron domains around carbon require $s$ + two $p$ orbitals.

23. What is the hybridization of the central atom in boron trifluoride (BF₃)?

    $sp^2$. Three bonding pairs around boron require $sp^2$ hybridization.

24. Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 3 electron domains.

    Trigonal Planar. Three electron domains spread in a flat plane around central atom.

25. What is the molecular geometry for a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

    Seesaw. One lone pair distorts trigonal bipyramidal to seesaw shape.

26. What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in ethene (C₂H₄)?

    $sp^2$. Three electron domains around carbon require $s$ + two $p$ orbitals.

27. What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in ethene ($\mathrm{C_2H_4}$)?

    $sp^2$. Three electron domains around carbon require $s$ + two $p$ orbitals.

28. What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

    Trigonal Pyramidal. Lone pair occupies more space, pushing bonding pairs into pyramid shape.

29. What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in ammonia ($\mathrm{NH_3}$)?

    $sp^3$. Four electron domains around nitrogen (3 bonds + 1 lone pair) need $sp^3$.

30. Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

    Trigonal Bipyramidal. Five bonding pairs create bipyramidal shape with axial and equatorial bonds.

31. What is the bond angle in a molecule with octahedral geometry?

    90°. Adjacent bonds in octahedral geometry are perpendicular.

32. What is the hybridization of the central atom in boron trifluoride (BF₃)?

    $sp^2$. Three bonding pairs around boron require $sp^2$ hybridization.

33. Identify the hybridization of the central atom in ethyne (C₂H₂).

    $sp$. Triple bond creates two electron domains requiring $sp$ hybridization.

34. What is the hybridization of the central atom in boron trifluoride (BF₃)?

    $sp^2$. Three bonding pairs around boron require $sp^2$ hybridization.

35. Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 6 electron groups and no lone pairs.

    Octahedral. Six electron groups arrange symmetrically around central atom.

36. Identify the hybridization of the central atom in ethyne (C₂H₂).

    $sp$. Triple bond creates two electron domains requiring $sp$ hybridization.

37. Identify the electron geometry of a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair.

    Trigonal Bipyramidal. Electron geometry considers all five electron domains, not just bonding.

38. Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

    Trigonal Bipyramidal. Five bonding pairs create bipyramidal shape with axial and equatorial bonds.

39. Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 6 electron domains.

    Octahedral. Electron geometry includes all six electron domains around central atom.

40. What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

    Square Pyramidal. One lone pair distorts octahedral to create square pyramid.

41. Identify the bond angle in a molecule with trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

    90° and 120°. Axial positions are 90° from equatorial; equatorial are 120° apart.

42. What is the bond angle in a molecule with octahedral geometry?

    90°. Adjacent bonds in octahedral geometry are perpendicular.

43. What is the bond angle in a molecule with trigonal planar geometry?

    120°. Three electron domains spread equally around 360° gives 120° angles.

44. Which molecular shape results from 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?

    Bent. Four electron domains with two lone pairs creates bent molecular shape.

45. What is the molecular geometry of water (H₂O)?

    Bent. Two lone pairs on oxygen force bonding pairs into bent arrangement.

46. Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 2 electron domains.

    Linear. Two electron domains arrange in a straight line to minimize repulsion.

47. What is the hybridization of the central atom in carbon dioxide (CO₂)?

    $sp$. Two double bonds around carbon create two electron domains.

48. What is the hybridization of the central atom in methane (CH₄)?

    $sp^3$. Four bonding pairs around carbon require $sp^3$ hybridization.

49. What is the bond angle in a molecule with tetrahedral geometry?

    109.5°. Four electron domains arrange at equal angles in 3D space.

50. What is the hybridization of the central atom in methane (CH₄)?

    $sp^3$. Four bonding pairs around carbon require $sp^3$ hybridization.

51. What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and no lone pairs?

    Linear. Two bonding pairs arrange in straight line to minimize repulsion.

52. Determine the molecular geometry of SF₆.

    Octahedral. Six bonding pairs around sulfur with no lone pairs gives octahedral shape.

53. What does VSEPR stand for in chemistry?

    Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion. Theory that predicts molecular geometry based on electron pair repulsion.

54. Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 6 electron domains.

    Octahedral. Electron geometry includes all six electron domains around central atom.

55. What is the hybridization of the central atom in methane (CH₄)?

    $sp^3$. Four bonding pairs around carbon require $sp^3$ hybridization.

56. Which molecular geometry does a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs have?

    Square Planar. Two axial lone pairs force bonding pairs into a square arrangement.

57. What is the bond angle in a molecule with linear geometry?

    180°. Two electron domains are positioned directly opposite each other.

58. Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 6 electron groups and no lone pairs.

    Octahedral. Six electron groups arrange symmetrically around central atom.

59. What is the bond angle in a molecule with trigonal planar geometry?

    120°. Three electron domains spread equally around 360° gives 120° angles.

60. Identify the electron geometry of a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

    Trigonal Bipyramidal. Five electron domains arrange in bipyramidal shape with axial and equatorial positions.

61. Identify the bond angle in a molecule with trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

    90° and 120°. Axial positions are 90° from equatorial; equatorial are 120° apart.

62. Which molecular shape results from 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?

    Bent. Four electron domains with two lone pairs creates bent molecular shape.

63. What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

    Trigonal Pyramidal. Lone pair occupies more space, pushing bonding pairs into pyramid shape.

64. Identify the electron geometry of a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

    Trigonal Bipyramidal. Five electron domains arrange in bipyramidal shape with axial and equatorial positions.

65. Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 2 electron domains.

    Linear. Two electron domains arrange in a straight line to minimize repulsion.

66. What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in ethene ($C_2H_4$)?

    $sp^2$. Three electron domains around carbon require $s$ + two $p$ orbitals.

67. Determine the hybridization of an atom with 3 sigma bonds and 1 lone pair.

    $sp^3$. Total of four electron domains requires four hybrid orbitals.

68. What is the hybridization of the central atom in carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)?

    $sp^3$. Four bonding pairs around carbon require $sp^3$ hybridization.

69. Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

    Trigonal Bipyramidal. Five bonding pairs create bipyramidal shape with axial and equatorial bonds.

70. What is the bond angle in a molecule with octahedral geometry?

    90°. Adjacent bonds in octahedral geometry are perpendicular.

71. What is the molecular geometry of water (H₂O)?

    Bent. Two lone pairs on oxygen force bonding pairs into bent arrangement.

72. Which molecular geometry does a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs have?

    Square Planar. Two axial lone pairs force bonding pairs into a square arrangement.

73. Identify the electron geometry of a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

    Trigonal Bipyramidal. Five electron domains arrange in bipyramidal shape with axial and equatorial positions.

74. Determine the molecular geometry of XeF₂.

    Linear. Three lone pairs occupy equatorial positions, leaving linear molecular shape.

75. Identify the bond angle in a molecule with trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

    90° and 120°. Axial positions are 90° from equatorial; equatorial are 120° apart.

76. Which molecular geometry does a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs have?

    Square Planar. Two axial lone pairs force bonding pairs into a square arrangement.

77. Determine the hybridization of an atom with 3 sigma bonds and 1 lone pair.

    $sp^3$. Total of four electron domains requires four hybrid orbitals.

78. State the hybridization of the central atom in a molecule with tetrahedral geometry.

    $sp^3$. Four electron domains require four hybrid orbitals from $s$ and three $p$ orbitals.

79. What is the molecular geometry for a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

    Seesaw. One lone pair distorts trigonal bipyramidal to seesaw shape.

80. Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 6 electron domains.

    Octahedral. Electron geometry includes all six electron domains around central atom.

81. Identify the electron geometry of a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair.

    Trigonal Bipyramidal. Electron geometry considers all five electron domains, not just bonding.

82. Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

    Trigonal Planar. Three bonding pairs arrange in flat triangular shape.

83. Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

    Trigonal Planar. Three bonding pairs arrange in flat triangular shape.

84. Identify the molecular geometry of a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

    Tetrahedral. Four bonding pairs arrange in three-dimensional tetrahedral shape.

85. Determine the molecular geometry of ClF₃.

    T-shaped. Three bonding pairs and two lone pairs create T-shaped arrangement.

86. What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and no lone pairs?

    Linear. Two bonding pairs arrange in straight line to minimize repulsion.

87. Determine the molecular geometry of XeF₂.

    Linear. Three lone pairs occupy equatorial positions, leaving linear molecular shape.

88. Determine the molecular geometry of SF₆.

    Octahedral. Six bonding pairs around sulfur with no lone pairs gives octahedral shape.

89. Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 2 electron domains.

    Linear. Two electron domains arrange in a straight line to minimize repulsion.

90. Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 6 electron groups and no lone pairs.

    Octahedral. Six electron groups arrange symmetrically around central atom.

91. Determine the molecular geometry of XeF₂.

    Linear. Three lone pairs occupy equatorial positions, leaving linear molecular shape.

92. What hybridization corresponds to trigonal planar geometry?

    $sp^2$. Three electron domains require three hybrid orbitals from $s$ and two $p$.

93. What is the hybridization of the central atom in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)?

    $sp^3$. Four bonding pairs around carbon require $sp^3$ hybridization.

94. What is the hybridization of the central atom in carbon dioxide (CO₂)?

    $sp$. Two double bonds around carbon create two electron domains.

95. What hybridization corresponds to a linear molecular geometry?

    $sp$. Two electron domains require two hybrid orbitals from $s$ and $p$.

96. What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in ammonia (NH₃)?

    $sp^3$. Four electron domains around nitrogen (3 bonds + 1 lone pair) need $sp^3$.

97. What is the hybridization of the central atom in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)?

    $sp^3$. Four bonding pairs around carbon require $sp^3$ hybridization.

98. What is the bond angle in a molecule with linear geometry?

    180°. Two electron domains are positioned directly opposite each other.

99. Identify the molecular geometry of a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

    Tetrahedral. Four bonding pairs arrange in three-dimensional tetrahedral shape.

100. What hybridization corresponds to a linear molecular geometry?

     $sp$. Two electron domains require two hybrid orbitals from $s$ and $p$.

101. What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in ammonia (NH$_3$)?

     $sp^3$. Four electron domains around nitrogen (3 bonds + 1 lone pair) need $sp^3$.

102. Determine the hybridization of an atom with 3 sigma bonds and no lone pairs.

     $sp^2$. Three electron domains require $s$ + two $p$ hybrid orbitals.

103. What is the bond angle in a molecule with linear geometry?

     180°. Two electron domains are positioned directly opposite each other.

104. Identify the electron geometry of a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair.

     Trigonal Bipyramidal. Electron geometry considers all five electron domains, not just bonding.

105. Identify the molecular geometry of a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

     Tetrahedral. Four bonding pairs arrange in three-dimensional tetrahedral shape.

106. What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

     Trigonal Pyramidal. Lone pair occupies more space, pushing bonding pairs into pyramid shape.

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