Population Genetics - AP Biology

1. What is the Hardy–Weinberg equation relating allele frequencies for two alleles?

   $p + q = 1$. Shows that frequencies of two alleles must sum to 1.

2. What is stabilizing selection?

   Selection favors intermediate phenotypes; reduces extremes. Maintains population mean while reducing variation around it.

3. What genotype frequency does $2pq$ represent under Hardy–Weinberg?

   Frequency of heterozygous genotype ($Aa$). Factor of 2 accounts for two ways to inherit different alleles ($Aa$ or $aA$).

4. Find $p$ if $q = 0.2$ in a two-allele Hardy–Weinberg model.

   $p = 0.8$. Since $p + q = 1$, subtract q from 1 to find p.

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