Nervous Tissue: Neurons and Neuroglia - Anatomy and Physiology
- Which structural class of neuron is found in the retina and olfactory epithelium?
- Bipolar neurons, with one dendrite and one axon on opposite sides of the cell body.
- Which processes of a neuron mainly receive incoming signals?
- Dendrites, which carry graded signals toward the cell body.
- Which CNS glial cells act as phagocytes?
- Microglia, which engulf microbes and neuronal debris.
- Which functional class of neuron is the most numerous?
- Interneurons, which lie within the CNS between sensory and motor neurons.
- Which structural class describes most sensory neurons, whose cell bodies lie in dorsal root ganglia?
- Unipolar (pseudounipolar) neurons, with a single short process that splits into peripheral and central branches.
- Which glial cells form myelin in the CNS?
- Oligodendrocytes. Each one can myelinate segments of several axons.
- Which glial cells surround neuron cell bodies in PNS ganglia?
- Satellite cells.
- Which glial cells are the most abundant in the CNS and help form the blood-brain barrier?
- Astrocytes. They also support neurons and regulate the chemical environment around them.
- What are Nissl bodies in a neuron?
- Clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cell body, where the neuron makes its proteins.
- Which glial cells line the brain ventricles and central canal and help circulate cerebrospinal fluid?
- Ependymal cells, many of which are ciliated.
- Which glial cells form myelin in the PNS?
- Schwann cells. Each one myelinates a single segment of one axon.
- Which structural class includes most neurons of the CNS, including motor neurons?
- Multipolar neurons, which have one axon and many dendrites.