CNS vs PNS Organization, Functional Divisions - Anatomy and Physiology
- What does the efferent (motor) division of the PNS do?
- It carries impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles and glands).
- How do somatic and visceral afferent fibers differ?
- Somatic afferents carry sensation from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints; visceral afferents carry sensation from internal organs.
- Cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglion belong to which functional type of neuron?
- Sensory (afferent) neurons, located in the PNS.
- What does the afferent (sensory) division of the PNS do?
- It carries impulses from receptors toward the CNS.
- How does the arrangement of gray and white matter differ between the cerebrum and the spinal cord?
- The cerebrum has gray matter outside (cortex) around white matter; the spinal cord has gray matter inside surrounded by white matter.
- What is a mixed nerve?
- A nerve containing both sensory and motor fibers. All spinal nerves are mixed nerves.
- Which functional type of axon leaves the spinal cord through the ventral root?
- Motor (efferent) axons, carrying commands to effectors.
- Which organs make up the central nervous system?
- The brain and the spinal cord.
- What is a bundle of axons called in the PNS, and in the CNS?
- A nerve in the PNS; a tract in the CNS.
- Which structures make up the peripheral nervous system?
- Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, their ganglia, and sensory receptors outside the brain and spinal cord.
- Which efferent subdivision controls skeletal muscle?
- The somatic nervous system. The autonomic system controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
- What is a cluster of neuron cell bodies called in the PNS, and in the CNS?
- A ganglion in the PNS; a nucleus in the CNS.