Clinical-Style Data Interpretation - Anatomy and Physiology

1. Serum creatinine is mainly used to assess which kidney function?

   Glomerular filtration rate. Rising creatinine indicates falling GFR.

2. What is the normal serum potassium range?

   3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L.

3. What is the normal serum sodium range?

   135 to 145 mEq/L.

4. What is the normal fasting plasma glucose range?

   About 70 to 99 mg/dL. A fasting value of 126 mg/dL or higher on repeat testing indicates diabetes.

5. A patient's white blood cell count is 18,000/μL (normal 4,500 to 11,000). What is this finding called?

   Leukocytosis, an elevated white blood cell count, often seen with infection or inflammation.

6. What is the normal resting heart rate range for an adult?

   60 to 100 beats per minute.

7. What is the normal resting respiratory rate range for an adult?

   12 to 20 breaths per minute.

8. Below which hemoglobin concentration is a nonpregnant adult woman considered anemic by WHO criteria?

   Below 12 g/dL.

9. An adult's resting heart rate is 48 beats/min. Which term describes this?

   Bradycardia, a heart rate below 60 beats per minute.

10. A patient's serum potassium is 6.4 mEq/L (normal 3.5 to 5.0). What is the most dangerous consequence?

    Cardiac arrhythmias. Hyperkalemia changes the resting membrane potential of heart cells.

11. At what core body temperature is fever usually defined?

    38.0 degrees C (100.4 degrees F) or higher.

12. A patient's serum sodium is 128 mEq/L (normal 135 to 145). What is this finding called?

    Hyponatremia, a low serum sodium concentration.

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