Cell Structure and Organelles - Anatomy and Physiology
- Which organelle enlarges in liver cells exposed to drugs such as barbiturates?
- The smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which holds the enzymes that detoxify these drugs.
- What are the main functions of peroxisomes?
- Oxidizing very long-chain fatty acids and other molecules, and breaking down hydrogen peroxide with catalase.
- What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
- Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids from the ER into vesicles for their destinations.
- What is the internal microtubule arrangement of a motile cilium?
- The 9 + 2 arrangement: nine outer microtubule doublets around a central pair.
- What is the function of the centrosome and its centrioles?
- Organizing microtubules, including forming the mitotic spindle during cell division.
- What is the function of the nucleolus?
- Making ribosomal RNA and assembling ribosomal subunits.
- What is the function of microvilli, and what forms their core?
- They increase surface area for absorption. Their core is a bundle of actin filaments.
- Which ribosome-studded organelle is especially abundant in pancreatic acinar cells that secrete digestive enzymes?
- The rough endoplasmic reticulum, which makes large amounts of secretory protein.
- What is the main function of mitochondria?
- Producing most of the cell's ATP through aerobic cellular respiration. They contain their own DNA.
- What do lysosomes contain, and what is their function?
- Acid hydrolase enzymes in an acidic interior. They digest worn-out organelles, engulfed material, and macromolecules.
- What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
- Synthesizing proteins destined for secretion, for membranes, or for lysosomes, on its attached ribosomes.
- What are the main functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
- Lipid and steroid synthesis, detoxification of drugs, and calcium storage (as the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle).