- Which choice best summarizes both the purpose of the new program and what restaurants must do?
Answer: Riverton requires restaurants to separate food scraps to reduce landfill waste; businesses must train staff, with warnings generally used during the first 60 days.
When a question asks you to summarize both the purpose of a program and what participants must do, you need an answer that captures two things accurately: the goal and the requirements. Watch for choices that distort, exaggerate, or leave out key details from the passage.
Answer D does exactly what the question asks. The passage states the program's purpose is reducing landfill waste through food-scrap composting, and it lists two clear requirements for restaurants: separate food scraps and arrange staff training. D also correctly reflects the enforcement approach — warnings are generally used during the first 60 days, not immediate fines. Every detail in D can be verified directly in the passage, making it a faithful, balanced summary.
Answer A contains several distortions. The passage says all trash is not collected twice weekly — only food scraps are. Staff training is not provided by the city; businesses must arrange it themselves. And the passage never mentions closing businesses that don't request containers (those are optional, not required). Answer B misrepresents the program as voluntary, but the passage clearly says restaurants must separate scraps. It is not a 60-day trial period for deciding whether to participate — it's simply a grace period for enforcement. Answer C gets the enforcement backwards; the passage explicitly says inspectors will issue warnings, not immediate fines, during the first 60 days. It also falsely claims that requesting a free container lets a business avoid the rule.
A useful strategy: when evaluating summary questions, mentally check each answer against the passage like a checklist — purpose accurate? Requirements accurate? Enforcement accurate? One false detail disqualifies the whole choice.
- Which choice most accurately summarizes the clinic's findings without claiming more than the passage supports?
Answer: Using text and phone reminders was followed by fewer missed appointments, but the clinic has not determined which method contributed more.
When a reading passage describes a real-world result, your job is to find the answer that matches exactly what the passage says — no more, no less. Questions like this test whether you can separate facts the author actually stated from conclusions that go beyond the evidence.
The passage tells you two things clearly: (1) missed appointments dropped from 18% to 12% after the clinic started using both reminders, and (2) staff cautioned that they don't yet know which method — text or phone — made the bigger difference. Choice C captures both of these points faithfully. It acknowledges the drop in missed appointments while honestly noting the clinic's uncertainty about the two methods. That makes C the most accurate summary.
Choice A is wrong on two counts: the passage never says telephone calls outperformed texts, and it actually states that winter weather was milder, not more severe. A invents a conclusion and reverses a key fact. Choice B swings too far in the opposite direction — the passage mentions milder weather as a possible factor but never says it fully explains the decline. Claiming that eliminates all evidence for the reminders goes beyond what the passage supports. Choice D is also fabricated; the passage says the clinic will continue using both reminders while studying patient preferences, not that it plans to replace phone calls with surveys.
A useful strategy: after reading a summary question, ask yourself, "Does this answer add anything the passage didn't say, or leave out something important?" If a choice exaggerates, contradicts, or invents details, eliminate it — even if it sounds reasonable on its own.
- Which choice best summarizes the mixed results of the express-bus test and the county's next steps?
Answer: Morning service attracted strong use and will continue, while planners will test later afternoon times before deciding that service's future.
When a question asks you to "summarize mixed results and next steps," your job is to find the answer that accurately captures both the positive and negative outcomes and what happens afterward — without adding or removing details.
The passage tells you two things happened: morning ridership was strong and will continue for a year, while afternoon buses were underused because departure times clashed with work shifts. The county's response is to keep morning service and test later afternoon times before making a final call on afternoons. Choice C captures all of this cleanly — strong morning results lead to continuation, while afternoon service gets a trial adjustment before any permanent decision. That's a faithful, complete summary.
Choice A gets the outcome backwards. The passage never says the bus program "failed," and the county is absolutely not ending morning service — they're extending it. This distractor tempts you if you focus only on the afternoon problem. Choice B overclaims in the opposite direction, saying every trip will expand for a year and that both schedules worked well. The passage is clear that afternoon ridership was low, not a success. Choice D invents details entirely — no one in the passage requests a new route, and nothing suggests waiting for work shifts to align.
A useful strategy: when summarizing a passage, mentally list the key facts (what worked, what didn't, what's next), then match each answer against your list. Any answer that adds invented details, ignores a key fact, or reverses an outcome should be eliminated. Choice C is the only one that passes that checklist.
- Which choice best summarizes the passage?
Answer: The center reduced cardboard use with reusable bins after correcting early delays, and managers will expand the program while continuing to review its cost.
When a question asks you to summarize a passage, your job is to find the answer choice that captures all the main points without adding, exaggerating, or leaving out anything important. Think of it as a fair snapshot — not too narrow, not too broad.
The passage covers three things: (1) early delays caused by the new bin system, (2) how managers fixed those delays and achieved a 30% reduction in cardboard use, and (3) plans to expand the program while continuing to review costs. Choice A hits all three points accurately and in proportion. It reflects the arc of the passage — a rough start, a successful correction, and a cautious path forward — without distorting any detail.
Choice B misrepresents the outcome by saying deliveries "remained late," when the passage clearly states the delays ended after managers made changes. This turns a success story into an ongoing problem. Choice C goes too far in two directions — the passage never says the center plans to stop using cardboard completely, and the bins did not "immediately" save time; there were two weeks of early trouble. Choice D zeroes in on only one small detail (workers sorting bins) and frames managers' main response as comparing cardboard orders, which misses the bigger picture of fixing the system and planning expansion.
A useful strategy: when evaluating summary choices, mentally check each one against every major point in the passage. If a choice adds something the passage never said, contradicts a stated outcome, or ignores a key development, cross it off. Choice A is the only one that passes all three tests.
- Which choice best summarizes the agency's advice about responding to mold?
Answer: Tenants may clean small mold spots carefully, but larger, returning, or leak-related mold should be reported so the moisture source can be addressed.
When a question asks you to summarize a passage, your job is to find the answer choice that captures all the main points without adding, removing, or distorting anything the text actually says.
The passage gives a two-part plan: tenants can handle small mold spots themselves using detergent, gloves, and thorough drying — but they should contact the property manager when mold is large, keeps coming back, or follows a leak. The reason to involve the manager is that the moisture source may need fixing first. Choice B captures both parts of this plan accurately, including the crucial "why" — addressing the moisture source — which makes it the best summary.
Choice A contradicts the passage directly. The text explicitly states that painting over mold does not remove it, and it never says to avoid reporting until detergent fails or gloves are missing. A is built on two false claims. Choice C overcorrects in the other direction — the passage encourages tenants to clean small spots themselves. Saying tenants should leave every mold spot untouched misrepresents the advice and ignores the guidance about washable surfaces. Choice D reverses the roles. The passage says tenants may clean small spots (not large areas), and property managers are responsible for fixing the moisture source — not repainting walls.
A useful strategy: on summary questions, eliminate any choice that contains a detail the passage contradicts or never mentions. Then check whether the remaining choice covers the passage's full message — not just part of it. Choice B is the only one that does both.
- Which choice best summarizes the requirements for becoming approved to operate the machine alone?
Answer: Employees must pass the online safety step and complete supervised practice before supervisors record the training and issue an operator badge.
When a passage describes a multi-step process, your job is to track every required step and find the answer that accurately captures all of them — nothing more, nothing less.
The passage clearly lays out two mandatory steps: completing the online safety lesson (including passing the quiz) and attending a supervised practice session. Only after both steps do supervisors record the training and issue an operator badge. The passage also explicitly states that completing only the online step does not permit anyone to operate the machine alone. Choice C captures this perfectly — it names both required steps and correctly connects them to the badge being issued, matching the passage without adding or removing anything.
Choice A gets it backwards by calling the quiz and supervised practice "optional." The passage treats the quiz as a required gate — employees who fail must retry, not skip it — and supervised practice is clearly mandatory, not a bonus. Choice B reverses the intended order, suggesting someone can operate the machine first and finish the online lesson later. The passage requires the online step to come first, before practice. Choice D introduces a false consequence: it claims quiz failures must attend "repeated" practice sessions, which the passage never says. It also wrongly implies that passing the quiz alone allows someone to operate without a supervisor or badge, directly contradicting the passage.
A useful strategy here: when a passage describes a process with steps, underline each requirement as you read. Then check each answer choice to see whether it adds a condition the passage doesn't state, removes a required step, or reverses the order. The correct answer, C, does none of those things.
- Which choice gives the best summary of the notice, including the main action residents should take before and after the shutoff?
Answer: The city is repairing an Oak Street valve Tuesday, so residents should store water first, briefly run cold water afterward, and report cloudiness that continues.
When a question asks for the "best summary," your job is to find the answer that captures all the key points accurately — without adding, removing, or distorting any information from the passage.
The passage covers three main ideas: (1) the city is shutting off water Tuesday to fix a valve, (2) residents should store water beforehand, and (3) after service returns, residents should run cold water briefly and call if cloudiness continues. Choice B matches all three points precisely. It correctly identifies the repair, the pre-shutoff storage step, the cold-water flush afterward, and the instruction to report ongoing cloudiness — making it the best summary.
Choice A contains multiple errors: residents aren't told to call the city before Tuesday, storing water happens before the shutoff (not after 2 p.m.), and the passage specifically says cold water, not hot. Choice C misrepresents the notice in two ways — the city isn't inspecting cloudy water, and residents are told to run the tap for up to five minutes, not continuously throughout the shutoff. Choice D overstates the situation; the passage never says the water will be "unsafe all day" or that city workers must personally confirm repairs before residents can use the water again.
A useful strategy for summary questions: mentally list the main facts in the passage, then eliminate any answer that contradicts even one of them. Distractors often swap small details (hot vs. cold water, before vs. after) or exaggerate (making a temporary inconvenience sound like a full-day danger). Reading carefully for those small changes will help you avoid the traps.
- Which choice best summarizes the billing change and its important exception?
Answer: Online-account customers will receive electronic notices instead of automatic paper bills, but they may request paper copies; other billing rules stay the same.
When a question asks you to "summarize" a passage, your job is to find the answer that captures the main point and its key exception — without adding, distorting, or omitting anything. Think of it as a compression test: the best summary shrinks the passage faithfully.
The passage makes two core points: (1) online-account customers will no longer get automatic paper bills — they'll get email notices instead — and (2) those customers can still request paper copies at no charge, and everyone else's billing stays the same. Answer B captures both points precisely. It names who is affected (online-account customers), describes the change (electronic notices replace automatic paper bills), preserves the exception (paper copies are still available on request), and notes that other rules remain unchanged. That's a clean, accurate summary.
Answer A is wrong on two counts: the passage does not say all customers must switch, and there is no monthly fee mentioned anywhere — that detail is invented. Answer C misreads the passage in the opposite direction, claiming customers without online accounts must create one. The passage actually states those customers will continue receiving paper bills, no action required. C also falsely claims payment deadlines are changing, which the passage directly contradicts. Answer D reverses the direction of the change entirely — the company is moving toward electronic notices, not replacing online billing with mailed statements. D also wrongly claims email-preference customers must call monthly.
A useful strategy: on summary questions, treat every word in the answer choices carefully. Distractor answers often swap who is affected, invent fees or deadlines, or reverse the direction of a change. Always ask yourself, "Did the passage actually say this?"
- A reader wrote this summary: "The West Branch Library will close during renovation, so computer access and evening classes will be unavailable until July 12." Which revision best corrects the summary?
Answer: The reading room will close for renovation, but the library, relocated computers with shorter sessions, and evening language classes will remain available.
When a question asks you to correct a flawed summary, your job is to compare the original passage against the summary and identify every factual error — then find the answer choice that fixes all of them without introducing new mistakes.
The original summary contains two clear errors: it says the library will close entirely, and it says evening classes will be unavailable. The passage actually states the library stays open (only the reading room closes for renovation), computers move to the second floor with shorter 30-minute sessions, and evening language classes continue as scheduled in the community room.
Answer A correctly fixes both errors. It accurately notes that only the reading room closes, that computers are relocated (with shorter sessions), and that evening classes remain available — matching every detail in the passage. That makes A the best revision.
Answer B goes in the opposite direction, claiming the entire library is unchanged. This ignores the very real disruptions — the reading room closure, the relocated computers, and the reduced session times. It's simply inaccurate.
Answer C introduces fresh errors by claiming the second floor closes and that computers move to the community room. The passage says the opposite: computers move to the second floor, and the community room hosts language classes. C swaps the locations entirely.
Answer D fabricates details that never appear in the passage — that the library opens only on weekday mornings, that furniture is still available, and that computer sessions remain one hour. Every key claim in D contradicts the passage.
Strategy tip: When correcting a flawed summary, check each sentence against the passage like a checklist. A correct revision must fix all errors and avoid adding new ones — both conditions matter.
- Which choice is the most complete and accurate summary of the incident and the store's response?
Answer: After a customer slipped near a rain-wet entrance, the store improved the warning, added a mat, and began regular checks during wet weather.
When a question asks you to summarize a passage, your job is to find the choice that captures the key facts accurately and completely — without adding, exaggerating, or leaving out important details. Think of it like a news headline: it should reflect what actually happened, nothing more and nothing less.
Reading through the passage, you learn that a customer slipped near a wet entrance, a warning sign was already present but poorly positioned, the customer was examined and went home, and the store then made three improvements: repositioning the sign, adding a mat, and scheduling regular checks during rainy weather. Choice A reflects all of this faithfully — a slip occurred, and the store responded with multiple targeted improvements. That makes A the most complete and accurate summary.
Choice B distorts two key facts: the passage says the customer was "examined and returned home," not "seriously injured," and the store never closed its entrance — it improved safety measures instead. Choice C invents a complaint about a mat blocking the entrance; nothing in the passage suggests shoppers objected to the mat, and the store added inspections rather than reducing them. Choice D fabricates a medical worker giving orders to the store and claims rainwater spread throughout the building — neither detail appears anywhere in the passage.
A useful strategy for summary questions: after reading each answer choice, ask yourself, "Does the passage actually say this?" If a choice introduces new information, exaggerates an outcome, or reverses what happened, eliminate it immediately. Stick only to what the text supports, and you'll consistently find the accurate answer.
