Adult ESL ELL Advanced Quiz
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INTERPRETIVE COMMUNICATION (LISTENING & READING)
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Read the following explanation from a university lecture on urban planning:
"The decline of public transit ridership in mid-sized American cities is not, as many assume, simply a product of car culture or suburban sprawl. The root cause, I would argue, is a self-reinforcing funding mechanism. When ridership drops, tax revenue allocated to transit agencies decreases. Agencies then cut routes and reduce frequency. This reduction in service makes transit less convenient, which drives away even more riders. Consider the case of Cincinnati, where a 15% budget cut in 2008 led to a 22% drop in ridership over the following three years — not because residents suddenly preferred driving, but because the remaining routes no longer served their actual destinations. The same pattern repeated in Fresno and in Dayton. The evidence points to a structural fiscal trap, not a cultural preference, as the primary driver of transit decline."
Which of the following best identifies the speaker's main claim in this explanation?
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