Establish/Maintain a Formal Explanatory Style - 8th Grade Writing

SECTION 1

Why Formal Writing Matters: A Brief History

Have you ever noticed that a news article sounds very different from a text message to your friend? That difference is called writing style (the specific way a writer chooses words, builds sentences, and speaks to the reader). For centuries, writers have understood that the style they use changes how people receive their message.

Formal writing did not appear overnight. It developed over hundreds of years as people needed clear, trustworthy ways to share knowledge. Let's look at some key moments in that story.

1400s • The Printing Press Arrives

Johannes Gutenberg's printing press made books available to more people. Writers began following shared grammar rules so readers everywhere could understand them.

1700s • The Age of Reason

Scientists and thinkers like Benjamin Franklin wrote formal essays to explain new ideas. Using a serious, objective tone helped them earn trust.

1800s • Public Education Grows

Schools began teaching formal writing rules to students. Textbooks and encyclopedias used a polished style that became the standard for sharing information.

2010 • Common Core Standards

The Common Core State Standards (including W.8.2.e) were adopted to make sure students across the country learn to write in a clear, formal, explanatory style.

Today, formal writing is used in research reports, textbooks, newspapers, and business documents. The big question this lesson answers is: How do you establish and maintain a formal style throughout an entire explanatory essay?

SECTION 2

Core Principles of Formal Style

A formal style (a way of writing that sounds professional and serious) has a few key ingredients. Think of it like a dress code for your words. Just as you wouldn't wear pajamas to a job interview, you wouldn't use slang in a research paper.

Third-Person Point of View

Avoid using "I," "me," or "you." Instead, use phrases like "researchers found" or "the evidence shows." This keeps the focus on the topic, not the writer.

Precise Academic Vocabulary

Choose specific, clear words instead of vague or casual ones. Say "significant" instead of "really big," or "demonstrate" instead of "show off."

No Slang or Contractions

Replace slang ("cool," "awesome") with standard English. Write out contractions: "cannot" instead of "can't," "do not" instead of "don't."

Objective Tone

Present facts and evidence without strong personal opinions or feelings. Instead of "I think this is terrible," write "The data suggests this approach is ineffective."

Proper Sentence Structure

Use complete sentences with correct grammar and punctuation. Vary your sentence lengths to keep readers engaged, but always stay polished.

✦

KEY TAKEAWAY

Think of formal style like being a sports commentator on TV. A commentator does not say, "Dude, that play was insane!" They say, "That was a remarkable defensive play." Both mean the same thing, but the formal version sounds professional and believable. Your explanatory essay should sound like that commentator — clear, respectful, and focused on the facts.

SECTION 3

Seeing the Difference: Informal vs. Formal

The diagram below shows an informal sentence on the left and its formal revision on the right. Arrows point out each change. Study how small swaps in word choice, point of view, and structure create a completely different tone.

Each arrow highlights a specific revision: removing first/second person, replacing slang with precise vocabulary, and expanding contractions. Notice how the meaning stays the same, but the tone becomes professional and trustworthy.

As the diagram shows, formal style is not about using fancy, complicated words. It is about making small, deliberate choices that add up to a polished, serious tone. Every swap — removing "I think," replacing slang, writing out contractions — brings your writing closer to the standard expected in explanatory essays.

SECTION 4

How Formal Style Works: The Four Filters

You can think of maintaining formal style as running every sentence through four filters before it goes into your essay. If a sentence passes all four, it is ready. If it fails even one, you need to revise it.

Filter 1: Point of View Check

Read the sentence aloud. Does it include first person (I, me, my, we) or second person (you, your)? If yes, rewrite it using third person (the study, researchers, evidence, the results). This keeps the focus on the topic instead of the writer or reader.

Filter 2: Vocabulary Check

Look for slang, text-speak, or overly casual words. Replace them with specific, academic vocabulary. For example, swap "a lot" for "numerous" or "frequently." Swap "stuff" for the actual thing you mean, like "materials" or "evidence."

Filter 3: Contraction Check

Scan for any contractions (shortened words like "don't," "isn't," "they're"). Expand each one into its full form: "do not," "is not," "they are." This is one of the fastest ways to make your writing sound more formal.

Filter 4: Tone Check

Read the sentence one more time. Does it sound like you are giving a report to your class, or like you are chatting with a friend? If it sounds too casual, look for emotional language ("amazing," "terrible") and replace it with neutral, factual language ("effective," "problematic").

This flowchart shows the four filters your sentence should pass through. Start at the top with your draft, then check point of view, vocabulary, contractions, and tone. A sentence that passes all four is ready for your formal essay.

SECTION 5

Common Informal-to-Formal Word Swaps

One of the quickest ways to level up your writing is to build a mental toolkit of word swaps. The table below lists common informal words and phrases alongside their formal replacements. You do not need to memorize every one, but becoming familiar with these patterns will make revising much easier.

Informal Word / Phrase	Formal Replacement	Why It Works
a lot	numerous, frequently, significantly	More specific and measurable
stuff / things	materials, factors, elements	Names the actual items
really / very	significantly, considerably, remarkably	Adds precision instead of vagueness
cool / awesome	effective, impressive, noteworthy	Sounds professional and neutral
kind of / sort of	somewhat, to some extent	Avoids casual hedging
get / got	obtain, receive, achieve	More precise verb
kids	children, adolescents, students	Standard academic term
gonna / wanna	going to, want to	Written-out forms are always formal

Common informal-to-formal word and phrase swaps for explanatory writing

💡

Quick Tip

When you finish a draft, try reading it out loud. Every time a word or phrase sounds like something you would say in a text message, circle it and check the table above for a formal replacement.

SECTION 6

Worked Example: Revising for Formal Style

Let's walk through a full revision together. Imagine you are writing an explanatory essay about the water cycle. Here is an informal first draft of a body paragraph, followed by a step-by-step revision.

📝

Original Draft (Informal)

"I think the water cycle is really cool because you can see it happening all around you. Basically, the sun heats up water and it goes into the air. Then it turns into clouds and stuff, and when there's too much water, it rains. It's kind of like nature recycling water over and over, which is awesome."

Revising for Formal Style

1
Step 1 — Remove First and Second Person

Find every "I" and "you" in the paragraph. Replace "I think" with a fact-based statement. Replace "you can see" with a general observation.

"The water cycle is really cool because it occurs all around the natural world."
2
Step 2 — Replace Slang and Vague Words

Swap "really cool" for a precise adjective. Replace "stuff" with the real term. Replace "awesome" with a neutral word.

"The water cycle is a remarkable process... turns into clouds through condensation... which is essential for sustaining life."
3
Step 3 — Expand Contractions

Find "it's" and "there's." Expand them to "it is" and "there is."

"It is" replaces "it's" — "there is" replaces "there's"
4
Step 4 — Strengthen Sentence Structure

Combine short, choppy sentences. Replace casual transitions like "basically" and "then" with academic ones like "during this stage" or "as a result."

"During evaporation, the sun heats surface water, causing it to rise into the atmosphere as vapor."
5
Step 5 — Read the Final Version

Put it all together and read the revised paragraph aloud to confirm it sounds formal and clear.

Final Version: "The water cycle is a remarkable process that occurs continuously throughout the natural world. During evaporation, the sun heats surface water, causing it to rise into the atmosphere as vapor. Through condensation, this vapor forms clouds. When sufficient moisture accumulates, precipitation returns water to the Earth's surface. This process is essential for sustaining life, as it is nature's method of recycling water."

SECTION 7

When to Use Formal vs. Informal Style

Formal style is not better than informal style in every situation. Each has its place. The key is knowing which style fits which purpose. The table below compares the two.

Feature	Formal Style	Informal Style
Purpose	Inform, explain, or persuade an academic audience	Entertain, chat, or connect personally
Point of View	Third person (he, she, it, they, one)	First or second person (I, you, we)
Contractions	None — all words written out	Common (can't, won't, it's)
Vocabulary	Precise, academic, subject-specific	Everyday, casual, slang allowed
Tone	Objective, serious, neutral	Friendly, humorous, emotional
Examples	Research papers, explanatory essays, news articles	Text messages, journal entries, personal blogs

Formal vs. Informal style comparison

✦

KEY TAKEAWAY

Choosing between formal and informal style is like choosing between a suit and a T-shirt. Neither is wrong — it depends on the event. For your 8th-grade explanatory essays, the "event" is academic writing, so the suit (formal style) is always the right choice.

SECTION 8

Connecting Formal Style to Future Writing

The formal style skills you learn now will follow you through high school, college, and even your career. As you advance, the expectations grow, but the foundation stays the same. Here is a quick look at how formal style evolves.

Skill Area	8th Grade (Now)	High School & Beyond
Point of View	Avoid I, me, you in explanatory essays	Use third person consistently across longer research papers
Vocabulary	Replace slang with precise words	Use discipline-specific terminology (science, history, etc.)
Tone	Neutral and objective	Nuanced — adjusting formality for different audiences
Structure	Complete sentences, varied length	Complex sentence structures with embedded clauses and citations

How formal style expectations grow over time

By mastering CCSS.W.8.2.e now, you are building a skill set that will make every future essay, report, and professional email easier to write. Think of this standard as the first level in a video game — once you clear it, the next levels build on the same controls.

SECTION 9

Practice Problems

Now it is your turn! Work through these five problems. They start simple and get more challenging. Try to answer each one before reading the answer.

Question 1: CONCEPTUAL

What are two features that make a sentence formal instead of informal? Give one example of each.

Show answer

Two key features of formal style are (1) using third-person point of view and (2) avoiding contractions. For example, instead of writing "I think it's important," a formal sentence would say "This topic is important." The first change removes "I" (first person), and the second change removes "it's" (a contraction). These two small adjustments shift the tone from casual to professional.

Question 2: BASIC

Rewrite this sentence in formal style: "I think texting is kinda bad for kids because they don't learn to spell right."

Show answer

A strong formal revision would be: "Frequent texting may negatively affect children's spelling skills." This revision removes the first person ("I think"), replaces the slang word "kinda" with "may," swaps "kids" for "children's," expands the contraction "don't" to its meaning within the new structure, and replaces "spell right" with "spelling skills." The result is a sentence that states a clear claim without personal opinion.

Question 3: INTERMEDIATE

Read this paragraph and identify three specific formal-style errors. Then rewrite the paragraph so it passes all four filters (point of view, vocabulary, contractions, tone). "You probably didn't know that recycling is super important. Tons of stuff ends up in landfills every year, and it's really gross. If you ask me, everyone should recycle more."

Show answer

Three errors: (1) "You" and "me" use first and second person. (2) "Super," "tons of stuff," and "really gross" are slang or vague. (3) "Didn't" and "it's" are contractions. A formal revision: "Recycling is critically important to environmental health. Millions of tons of waste accumulate in landfills each year, creating significant pollution. Increasing recycling efforts would substantially reduce this waste." Each sentence now uses third person, precise vocabulary, no contractions, and an objective tone.

Question 4: APPLIED

You are writing an explanatory essay about sleep and school performance. Write a three-sentence body paragraph that fully maintains a formal explanatory style. Your paragraph should include at least one piece of evidence or data.

Show answer

Here is a strong example: "Research indicates that adolescents who sleep fewer than eight hours per night perform significantly worse on academic assessments. According to the National Sleep Foundation, sleep deprivation reduces concentration, memory retention, and problem-solving ability. Therefore, schools that delay start times may help students achieve higher academic performance." This paragraph uses third person throughout, includes a credible source, avoids contractions and slang, and maintains a neutral, evidence-based tone from start to finish.

Question 5: CRITICAL THINKING

A classmate argues: "Using formal style makes writing boring. Nobody wants to read something that sounds like a robot wrote it." Write a four-sentence response in formal style that explains why formal style does not have to be boring. Use at least one specific technique (such as varied sentence length or vivid academic vocabulary) as evidence.

Show answer

Formal writing does not need to be dull or robotic. One effective technique is varying sentence length: short, direct sentences create emphasis, while longer sentences provide detail and flow. For example, the sentence "Water is essential" is formal, brief, and powerful, while a follow-up like "Without adequate freshwater resources, agricultural systems collapse, ecosystems deteriorate, and communities face severe health risks" adds richness through specific, vivid academic vocabulary. By combining sentence variety with precise word choices, writers can produce explanatory essays that are both professional and genuinely engaging to read.

SUMMARY

Lesson Summary

Summary

Establishing and maintaining a formal explanatory style means making deliberate choices throughout your essay. Use third-person point of view to keep the focus on your topic. Replace slang and vague words with precise academic vocabulary. Expand all contractions into their full forms. Finally, maintain an objective, neutral tone by replacing emotional language with factual statements.

Remember the four filters: check every sentence for point of view, vocabulary, contractions, and tone. By running your draft through these filters, you will produce writing that meets the CCSS.W.8.2.e standard and sounds polished, professional, and credible. These skills will serve you well in high school, college, and beyond.