Apply Reading Standards to Literary Nonfiction - 7th Grade Writing
- Identify the fallacy: "Do not trust her argument; she is too young to understand."
- Ad hominem. Attacks the person instead of their argument.
- What is an argument in literary nonfiction, as evaluated in grade 7 reading standards?
- A central position supported by reasons and evidence. Arguments require logical support, not just opinions.
- What does relevant evidence mean when assessing support for a specific claim?
- Evidence that directly relates to and supports the claim. Relevant evidence must connect to the specific claim.
- Identify the best conclusion about evidence: One example is given for a broad claim about all schools.
- Evidence is insufficient for the scope of the claim. One example can't support claims about all cases.
- What is evidence in literary nonfiction argument writing and analysis?
- Facts, examples, data, or quotations used to support a claim. Concrete proof that backs up what the author argues.
- What does it mean to trace an argument in a literary nonfiction text?
- Follow how claims, reasons, and evidence connect across the text. Tracing shows how ideas build throughout the text.
- Identify the fallacy: "Either you support this rule or you do not care about safety."
- False dilemma (either-or). Presents only two options when more exist.
- What does sufficient evidence mean when judging whether a claim is well supported?
- Enough credible support to justify accepting the claim. Multiple strong pieces of evidence prove the claim.
- What is a claim in an argument, as used in literary nonfiction analysis?
- A statement the author asserts as true. Claims must be proven with evidence and reasoning.
- Identify the fallacy: "Everyone thinks this, so it must be true."
- Bandwagon (appeal to popularity). Assumes popularity equals truth, which is illogical.
- Which option is the best sign that evidence is insufficient to support a claim?
- The author relies mostly on one anecdote or a single example. One example rarely proves a broad claim.
- Identify the best definition of bias when evaluating a literary nonfiction argument.
- A one-sided perspective that unfairly favors a viewpoint. Bias shows prejudice that compromises objectivity.
- What is a rebuttal in an argumentative literary nonfiction text?
- The author's response that refutes a counterclaim. Defends the original claim against opposing views.
- Identify the issue in this support: "I feel it is true, so it is true."
- Unsupported reasoning; opinion is not evidence. Personal feelings cannot substitute for facts.
- Identify the fallacy: "You cannot trust her argument because she is rude."
- Ad hominem. Attacks the person, not their argument's merit.
- Identify the claim: "School uniforms should be required to reduce distractions."
- School uniforms should be required to reduce distractions. This states a position that needs supporting evidence.
- What is a primary source, and why can it matter when assessing evidence?
- A firsthand account or original document used as direct evidence. Primary sources provide unfiltered, direct evidence.
- What is a secondary source in literary nonfiction research and argument evaluation?
- A source that interprets or summarizes primary sources. These analyze primary sources from a distance.
- Which option best describes a logical fallacy in an author's reasoning?
- A flaw in logic that weakens the argument. Faulty reasoning undermines the argument's validity.
- What is reasoning in an argument, and what does it do between claim and evidence?
- The explanation that connects evidence to the claim. It shows why the evidence proves the claim is true.
- What does it mean for reasoning to be sound when evaluating an argument?
- The logic is valid and the conclusion follows from the evidence. Sound reasoning uses proper logic without gaps or errors.
- What is a reason in an argument, as used when tracing an author's ideas?
- A justification that explains why a claim should be accepted. Reasons connect claims to evidence logically.
- What is reasoning in an argument, as used in literary nonfiction?
- The explanation linking evidence to the claim. Shows how evidence logically supports the claim.
- Which question best checks sufficiency when evaluating evidence for a claim?
- Is there enough credible evidence to justify the claim. Ensures adequate proof exists for the conclusion.
- What is an author's central claim in a literary nonfiction argument?
- The main position the author wants the reader to accept. It's the thesis that all supporting points work to prove.
- What is a rebuttal in an argument, and what is its purpose?
- A response that refutes a counterclaim. It disproves the opposing view to defend the main claim.
- Which choice is the strongest evidence: a verified statistic or an anonymous rumor?
- A verified statistic. Data provides objective, measurable support.
- What is the difference between a fact and an opinion in a literary nonfiction text?
- A fact is verifiable; an opinion is a belief or judgment. Facts can be proven true/false; opinions express feelings.
- Identify the type of evidence: "In 1964, the law changed to ban this practice."
- Historical fact. Dates and laws are verifiable historical facts.
- Identify the fallacy: "Everyone is doing it, so it must be right."
- Bandwagon (appeal to popularity). Assumes popularity equals correctness.
- Identify the flaw: "You cannot trust her view because she is a teenager." What is this called?
- Ad hominem (attacking the person, not the argument). Attacks character instead of addressing the argument.
- Identify the fallacy: "Either you agree with this policy or you do not care about safety."
- False dilemma (either-or fallacy). Presents only two options when more exist.
- What is the correct order to trace an argument in a text from start to finish?
- Central claim → supporting claims → evidence → reasoning → conclusion. This sequence shows how arguments build logically.
- What does it mean for evidence to be sufficient in an argument?
- There is enough strong evidence to support the claim convincingly. Multiple pieces of quality evidence make claims believable.
- Identify the evidence: "A district report shows suspensions fell by 20% after the policy."
- District report showing suspensions fell by 20% after the policy. Statistical data provides measurable proof.
- What does it mean to trace an argument in a literary nonfiction text?
- Follow claims, reasons, and evidence from start to finish. Map the logical progression of the author's argument.
- What is a counterclaim in argumentative literary nonfiction?
- An opposing position to the author's claim. Authors address counterclaims to strengthen their position.
- Which choice is more credible evidence: a primary source account or an unsourced blog post?
- A primary source account. Firsthand accounts offer direct, reliable evidence.
- What does sound reasoning mean when evaluating an author's argument?
- Logical connections where conclusions follow from reasons and evidence. Sound reasoning avoids logical fallacies.
- Which question best checks relevance when evaluating evidence for a claim?
- Does this information directly support the claim. Tests if evidence connects to the specific claim.
- Which option is the most relevant evidence for the claim "School uniforms reduce distractions"?
- A study comparing on-task behavior before and after uniform adoption. Direct research data best supports distraction claims.
- What is evidence in literary nonfiction, for evaluating a claim's support?
- Facts, examples, data, or quotations used to support a claim. Evidence must be verifiable and specific.
- What is the most accurate definition of a counterclaim?
- An opposing viewpoint or argument against the author's claim. Challenges the author's position with alternative views.
- What is a supporting claim in an argumentative literary nonfiction text?
- A smaller point that helps prove the central claim. Builds toward the main argument with specific evidence.
- Identify the flaw: "Either we ban phones or students will never learn." What is this called?
- False dilemma (either-or fallacy). Presents only two options when more exist.
- What is the best definition of a logical fallacy?
- A flawed pattern of reasoning that weakens an argument. Invalid logic that undermines credibility.
- Identify the flaw: "It is popular, so it must be true." What is this reasoning problem called?
- Bandwagon fallacy (appeal to popularity). Popularity doesn't determine truth or validity.
- Which option is the reason, not the evidence: "Because it saves money, uniforms help families."
- Because it saves money, uniforms help families. "Because" signals reasoning, not factual evidence.
- What does it mean for evidence to be relevant to a claim?
- It directly relates to and supports the claim being made. Relevant evidence must connect to the specific claim.
- Identify whether this support is relevant to the claim "Exercise improves sleep": "It builds muscle."
- Not relevant. Muscle building doesn't connect to sleep quality.
- What does it mean for reasoning to be sound in an argument?
- The logic is valid and connects evidence to the claim. Clear, logical connections without gaps or errors.
- What is a supporting claim in an argument (as opposed to the central claim)?
- A smaller point that helps prove the central claim. These sub-arguments build evidence for the main thesis.
- Identify the fallacy: "If we allow one late assignment, no one will meet deadlines."
- Slippery slope. Assumes extreme consequences without logical steps.
- What is evidence in an argument, as used in literary nonfiction?
- Facts, examples, data, or quotations supporting a claim. Concrete proof that validates the author's claims.
- What is the difference between a fact and an opinion when evaluating evidence?
- A fact is verifiable; an opinion is a belief or judgment. Facts can be proven; opinions express personal views.