All Human Anatomy and Physiology Resources
Example Questions
Example Question #31 : Identifying Other Anatomical Structures
What layer of the epidermis is considered the basal layer?
Stratum germinativum
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum germinativum
The order of the strata of the epidermal cells from superficial to deep is corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, germinativum (basale). Note that in thin skin the stratum lucidum is absent.
Example Question #32 : Identifying Other Anatomical Structures
The epidermis is __________.
the middle layer of skin
the most superficial layer of skin
the layer of fat under the skin
the most internal layer of skin
the most superficial layer of skin
The epidermis is the most superficial or top layer of skin. From most external to internal, the skin layers are: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The layer of fat under the skin is called subcutaneous fat.
Example Question #33 : Identifying Other Anatomical Structures
Which plasma membrane component helps stabilize the membrane?
Glycolipids
Cholesterol molecules
Receptor tyrosine kinases
Channel proteins
Cholesterol molecules
Cholesterol molecules are found within the phospholipid bilayer to provide stabilization to the membrane. The phospholipid bilayer itself is a flexible, semi-permeable membrane that forms the barrier between cellular compartments. Glycolipids are fats with chains of identifying sugars on them, that allow the cell to be recognizable to other cells. Channel proteins allow the passage of certain substances, depending on their size and electrical charge and receptor tyrosine kinases are a specific class of cell membrane receptors.
Example Question #34 : Identifying Other Anatomical Structures
What is the metaphysis?
The end of a long bone
The marrow cavity
The dense outer layer of bone
The area between the diaphysis and epiphysis
The area between the diaphysis and epiphysis
The metaphysis is the area between the epiphysis and the diaphysis. It also contains the epiphyseal line/plate. The epiphysis is the end of a long bone. The marrow cavity is also known as the medullary cavity and it is where blood cells are produced. The cortical bone (also known as compact bone) is the dense outer layer of bone.
Example Question #35 : Identifying Other Anatomical Structures
What are the different classifications of bones?
Long, sesamoid, flat, irregular, and short
Long, oblique, irregular, and short
Articular, cranial, axial, sesamoid
Hard, brittle, flexible, and compact
Long, sesamoid, flat, irregular, and short
Long bones are longer than they are wide, example being the femur (thigh bone), sesamoid bones are formed inside tendons, example being the patella (kneecap), flat bones are thin plates of bone, such as skull bones, irregular bones are those that do not fall in any other categories such as the sphenoid bone in the skull, short bones tend to be equal length and width such as metacarpals (wrist bones).
Example Question #36 : Identifying Other Anatomical Structures
What structure(s) pass through the diaphragm at T10?
Inferior vena cava (IVC)
Azygous vein and aorta
Phrenic nerve
Esophagus and vagus nerve
Thoracic duct
Esophagus and vagus nerve
The diaphragm has 3 main hiatuses – The first is at T8 through which the IVC passes through.The second is at T10 through which the esophagus and vagus nerve pass and the final hiatus is at T12 through which the Aorta, azygous vein and the thoraci lymphatic duct. A helpful mneumonic for this is I ATE (8), TEN EGGS At 12. I is for IVC with the ATE representing T8. The TEN for T10 and the EGGS stand for Esophagus, two g's for the two vaGus and the At for Aorta, which passes through the diaphragm at T12.
Example Question #37 : Identifying Other Anatomical Structures
What structure(s) pass through the diaphragm at T12?
Hepatic vein
Inferior vena cava (IVC)
Phrenic nerve
Aorta, azygous vein, and thoracic lymphatic duct
Esophagus and vagus nerve
Aorta, azygous vein, and thoracic lymphatic duct
The diaphragm has 3 main hiatuses – The first is at T8 through which the IVC passes through.The second is at T10 through which the esophagus and vagus nerve pass and the final hiatus is at T12 through which the Aorta, azygous vein and the thoraci lymphatic duct. A helpful mneumonic for this is I ATE (8), TEN EGGS At 12. I is for IVC with the ATE representing T8. The TEN for T10 and the EGGS stand for Esophagus, two g's for the two vaGus and the At for Aorta, which passes through the diaphragm at T12.
Example Question #38 : Identifying Other Anatomical Structures
What structure(s) pass through the diaphragm at the level of T8?
Aorta
Esophagus and vagus nerve
Inferior vena cava (IVC)
Phrenic nerve
Azygous vein
Inferior vena cava (IVC)
The diaphragm has 3 main hiatuses – The first is at T8 through which the IVC passes through.The second is at T10 through which the esophagus and vagus nerve pass and the final hiatus is at T12 through which the Aorta, azygous vein and the thoraci lymphatic duct. A helpful mneumonic for this is I ATE (8), TEN EGGS At 12. I is for IVC with the ATE representing T8. The TEN for T10 and the EGGS stand for Esophagus, two g's for the two vaGus and the At for Aorta, which passes through the diaphragm at T12.
Example Question #39 : Identifying Other Anatomical Structures
What lymphatic structure drains the left upper extremity and thorax as well as the lower extremities?
Right lymphatic duct
Hepatic vein
Inferior vena cava (IVC)
Thoracic lymphatic duct
Superior vena cava (SVC)
Thoracic lymphatic duct
The correct answer is the thoracic lympahtic duct. It drains the entire body excluding the right upper extremity and face. The venous system is separate from the lymphatic system, thus the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and hepatic vein are incorrect answers. The thoracic lymphatic duct enters the venous circulation at the left subclavian vein.
Example Question #40 : Identifying Other Anatomical Structures
What structure is responsible for draining the right upper extremity, right face, and right thorax?
Superior vena cava (SVC)
Inferior vena cava (IVC)
Right lympathic duct
Hepatic vein
Thoracic lymphatic duct
Right lympathic duct
The correct answer is the right lympahtic duct. It drains the right side of the body except for the right lower extremity which is drained by the thoracic duct. The venous system is separate from the lymphatic system, thus the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and hepatic vein are incorrect answers. The thoracic lymphatic duct enters the venous circulation at the right subclavian vein.
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