1608–1754
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AP U.S. History › 1608–1754
"At last they brought him to \[Werowocomoco\], where was Powhatan their Emperor. Here more then two hundred of those grim Courtiers stood wondering at him, as he had been a monster; till Powhatan and his train had put themselves in their greatest braveries. Before a fire upon a seat like a bedstead, he sat covered with a great robe, made of Rarowcun \[raccoon\] skins, and all the tails hanging by. At his entrance before the King, all the people gave a great shout.
Having feasted him after their best barbarous manner they could, a long consultation was held, but the conclusion was, two great stones were brought before Powhatan: then as many as could laid hands on him, dragged him to them, and thereon laid his head, and being ready with their clubs, to beat out his brains, Pocahontas the Kings dearest daughter, when no intreaty could prevail, got his head in her arms, and laid her own upon his to save him from death."
- John Smith, the General History of Virginia, 1624
Which of the following best describes the perspective of John Smith in this passage?
Powhatan and his people were backwards barbarians
The Native Americans were noble people who had great knowledge about their natural environment
Powhatan liked to mock royalty by dressing up in false finery
Native Americans lacked the vices of the more corrupt and cultured Europeans
Native American women were dominant in their society
Explanation
In this passage, John Smith looks down on Powhatan and his people due to cultural differences, describing their feast as "barbarous" and describing them as gawking at him during his arrival.
"At last they brought him to \[Werowocomoco\], where was Powhatan their Emperor. Here more then two hundred of those grim Courtiers stood wondering at him, as he had been a monster; till Powhatan and his train had put themselves in their greatest braveries. Before a fire upon a seat like a bedstead, he sat covered with a great robe, made of Rarowcun \[raccoon\] skins, and all the tails hanging by. At his entrance before the King, all the people gave a great shout.
Having feasted him after their best barbarous manner they could, a long consultation was held, but the conclusion was, two great stones were brought before Powhatan: then as many as could laid hands on him, dragged him to them, and thereon laid his head, and being ready with their clubs, to beat out his brains, Pocahontas the Kings dearest daughter, when no intreaty could prevail, got his head in her arms, and laid her own upon his to save him from death."
- John Smith, the General History of Virginia, 1624
Which of the following best describes the perspective of John Smith in this passage?
Powhatan and his people were backwards barbarians
The Native Americans were noble people who had great knowledge about their natural environment
Powhatan liked to mock royalty by dressing up in false finery
Native Americans lacked the vices of the more corrupt and cultured Europeans
Native American women were dominant in their society
Explanation
In this passage, John Smith looks down on Powhatan and his people due to cultural differences, describing their feast as "barbarous" and describing them as gawking at him during his arrival.
Passage adapted from John Winthrop's "A Modell of Christian Charity" (1630)
The Lord will be our God, and delight to dwell among us, as his own people, and will command a blessing upon us in all our ways, so that we shall see much more of his wisdom, power, goodness and truth, than formerly we have been acquainted with. We shall find that the God of Israel is among us, when ten of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies; when he shall make us a praise and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantations, “the Lord make it like that of New England.” For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. So that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause him to withdraw his present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world. We shall open the mouths of enemies to speak evil of the ways of God.
The idea expressed in Winthrop's speech of a "city upon a hill" echoes what later idea in American society and politics?
American Exceptionalism
Manifest Destiny
Isolationism
Secession
Explanation
The phrase "city upon a hill" is the most lasting echo of Winthrop's speech, and it has been used by many politicians into the twenty first century. The idea, that New England would stand as a beacon to the rest of the world about how to construct a society, would get adapted to referring to the United States of America as a nation. This idea, that America stands apart as a shining example for others due to its unique goodness, is known as American exceptionalism.
We know our Lands are now become more valuable. The white People think we do not know their Value’ but we are sensible that the Land is everlasting, and the few Goods we receive for it are soon worn out and gone… We are not well used with respect to the lands still unsold by us. Your People daily settle on these Lands, and spoil our Hunting. We must insist on your Removing them, as you know they have no Right to settle.
-Canassatego, Chief of the Onondaga Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy, speech to representatives of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia, 1742.
The causes of the French and Indian War included all of the following EXCEPT .
discovery of gold in the Appalachian Mountains
conflicted territorial claims
competition over the trade
the movement into Ohio Valley
Explanation
In North America, the underlying causes of Anglo- French issues were overlapping territorial claims and competition over the fur trade. These two causes led to French and their Indian allies raiding English frontier settlements. The final push towards war was dispute over the land in the valley of Ohio River. Both the English and French claimed this area and as colonists moved into the new region for settlement, the struggle increased. The struggle came to the colonies as The French and Indian War.
Passage adapted from John Winthrop's "A Modell of Christian Charity" (1630)
The Lord will be our God, and delight to dwell among us, as his own people, and will command a blessing upon us in all our ways, so that we shall see much more of his wisdom, power, goodness and truth, than formerly we have been acquainted with. We shall find that the God of Israel is among us, when ten of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies; when he shall make us a praise and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantations, “the Lord make it like that of New England.” For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. So that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause him to withdraw his present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world. We shall open the mouths of enemies to speak evil of the ways of God.
The idea expressed in Winthrop's speech of a "city upon a hill" echoes what later idea in American society and politics?
American Exceptionalism
Manifest Destiny
Isolationism
Secession
Explanation
The phrase "city upon a hill" is the most lasting echo of Winthrop's speech, and it has been used by many politicians into the twenty first century. The idea, that New England would stand as a beacon to the rest of the world about how to construct a society, would get adapted to referring to the United States of America as a nation. This idea, that America stands apart as a shining example for others due to its unique goodness, is known as American exceptionalism.
We know our Lands are now become more valuable. The white People think we do not know their Value’ but we are sensible that the Land is everlasting, and the few Goods we receive for it are soon worn out and gone… We are not well used with respect to the lands still unsold by us. Your People daily settle on these Lands, and spoil our Hunting. We must insist on your Removing them, as you know they have no Right to settle.
-Canassatego, Chief of the Onondaga Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy, speech to representatives of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia, 1742.
The causes of the French and Indian War included all of the following EXCEPT .
discovery of gold in the Appalachian Mountains
conflicted territorial claims
competition over the trade
the movement into Ohio Valley
Explanation
In North America, the underlying causes of Anglo- French issues were overlapping territorial claims and competition over the fur trade. These two causes led to French and their Indian allies raiding English frontier settlements. The final push towards war was dispute over the land in the valley of Ohio River. Both the English and French claimed this area and as colonists moved into the new region for settlement, the struggle increased. The struggle came to the colonies as The French and Indian War.
The Transatlantic Triangular Trade consisted of three stages. The first stage began in British ports with ships carrying cloth, guns, ironware and drink made in Britain to use in trading for slaves on the West African coast. The second stage was in Africa. There African slave dealers kidnapped people from villages, often up to 100 miles inland, or purchased individuals from African chiefs. These kidnapped and purchased individuals were marched to the West African coast to be traded to the European traders. The European captains would take up to 4 months to fill their ships with individuals as they sailed along the West African coast looking for the fittest and most inexpensive slaves. When the ships were full to capacity, the final stage or the Middle Passage began. The Middle Passage carried slaves across the Atlantic Ocean to the West Indies. The enslaved Africans were sold in the West Indies. The money earned from the sale of the slaves was used to buy sugar, coffee, tobacco and other products that would be carried back to Great Britain. The Transatlantic Triangular Trade was an unsavory yet vital element of the trade economy of the time.
The Transatlantic Triangular Trade was vital part of British trade because of which of the following two factors?
The Navigation Acts and Mercantilism
The Plantation System and the Free Market System
The Quartering Act and Mercantilism
The Stamp Act and China Trade
The Sugar Act and Capitalism
Explanation
The Transatlantic Triangular trade was crucial to mercantilism in Great Britain. The main purpose of the colonies was to enrich Great Britain with trade in diverse goods from the abundance of the colonies in exchange for the goods needed in the colonies. Money did not change hands in these transactions. Instead the goods traded came from the colonies as a result of the sale of slaves to plantation owners in need of inexpensive labor. This provided Great Britain with the means to obtain goods without paying the colonies for the products. Additionally, the process could be repeated. The Navigation Acts declared that all colonial exports would be transported in British ships and imports would pass through British ports. This was caused by the salutary neglect of Britain but became a vital necessary during the French and Indian War. Therefore, Great Britain controlled the transactions of goods and the ports to be used in the trading. The Transatlantic Triangular Trade and mercantilism provided a favorable balance of trade for Great Britain. Gold and silver would not leave Britain to purchase the raw materials, manufactured goods and food the country needed. The slave trade would "pay for" these items. The balance was in favor of Great Britain as the colonies bought more than they sent out.
The Transatlantic Triangular Trade consisted of three stages. The first stage began in British ports with ships carrying cloth, guns, ironware and drink made in Britain to use in trading for slaves on the West African coast. The second stage was in Africa. There African slave dealers kidnapped people from villages, often up to 100 miles inland, or purchased individuals from African chiefs. These kidnapped and purchased individuals were marched to the West African coast to be traded to the European traders. The European captains would take up to 4 months to fill their ships with individuals as they sailed along the West African coast looking for the fittest and most inexpensive slaves. When the ships were full to capacity, the final stage or the Middle Passage began. The Middle Passage carried slaves across the Atlantic Ocean to the West Indies. The enslaved Africans were sold in the West Indies. The money earned from the sale of the slaves was used to buy sugar, coffee, tobacco and other products that would be carried back to Great Britain. The Transatlantic Triangular Trade was an unsavory yet vital element of the trade economy of the time.
The Transatlantic Triangular Trade was vital part of British trade because of which of the following two factors?
The Navigation Acts and Mercantilism
The Plantation System and the Free Market System
The Quartering Act and Mercantilism
The Stamp Act and China Trade
The Sugar Act and Capitalism
Explanation
The Transatlantic Triangular trade was crucial to mercantilism in Great Britain. The main purpose of the colonies was to enrich Great Britain with trade in diverse goods from the abundance of the colonies in exchange for the goods needed in the colonies. Money did not change hands in these transactions. Instead the goods traded came from the colonies as a result of the sale of slaves to plantation owners in need of inexpensive labor. This provided Great Britain with the means to obtain goods without paying the colonies for the products. Additionally, the process could be repeated. The Navigation Acts declared that all colonial exports would be transported in British ships and imports would pass through British ports. This was caused by the salutary neglect of Britain but became a vital necessary during the French and Indian War. Therefore, Great Britain controlled the transactions of goods and the ports to be used in the trading. The Transatlantic Triangular Trade and mercantilism provided a favorable balance of trade for Great Britain. Gold and silver would not leave Britain to purchase the raw materials, manufactured goods and food the country needed. The slave trade would "pay for" these items. The balance was in favor of Great Britain as the colonies bought more than they sent out.
"For having protected, favored, and emboldened the Indians against his Majesty’s loyal subjects, never contriving, requiring, or appointing any due or proper means of satisfaction for their many invasions, robberies, and murders committed upon us."
- Declaration of Nathaniel Bacon, leader of a rebellion of former indentured servants against Governor William Berkeley, 1676
"I have lived 34 years amongst you, as uncorrupt and dilligent as ever Governor was, Bacon is a man of two years amongst you, his person and qualities unknown to most of you, and to all men else, by any virtuous action that ever I heard of...I will take Council of wiser men then my self, but Mr. Bacon hath none about him, but the lowest of the people."
- Governor Williams Berkeley, in response to Bacon's Rebellion, 1676
Which of these major developments was caused in part by conflicts between former indentured servants and the landed elites?
An increase in the importation of slaves from Africa to act as laborers
The rise in the regulation of trade among the colonies
Uprisings by confederations of Native Americans against the landed elites
A general movement towards the support of Republicanism
An increasing number of disgruntled former indentured servants turning to a life of piracy to attain wealth
Explanation
Because of frustrations over the shortages of indentured servants and the challenges of accommodating newly independent freedmen, the Chesapeake colonies eventually turned to slave labor as a more easily managed source of forced labor.
"For having protected, favored, and emboldened the Indians against his Majesty’s loyal subjects, never contriving, requiring, or appointing any due or proper means of satisfaction for their many invasions, robberies, and murders committed upon us."
- Declaration of Nathaniel Bacon, leader of a rebellion of former indentured servants against Governor William Berkeley, 1676
"I have lived 34 years amongst you, as uncorrupt and dilligent as ever Governor was, Bacon is a man of two years amongst you, his person and qualities unknown to most of you, and to all men else, by any virtuous action that ever I heard of...I will take Council of wiser men then my self, but Mr. Bacon hath none about him, but the lowest of the people."
- Governor Williams Berkeley, in response to Bacon's Rebellion, 1676
Which of these major developments was caused in part by conflicts between former indentured servants and the landed elites?
An increase in the importation of slaves from Africa to act as laborers
The rise in the regulation of trade among the colonies
Uprisings by confederations of Native Americans against the landed elites
A general movement towards the support of Republicanism
An increasing number of disgruntled former indentured servants turning to a life of piracy to attain wealth
Explanation
Because of frustrations over the shortages of indentured servants and the challenges of accommodating newly independent freedmen, the Chesapeake colonies eventually turned to slave labor as a more easily managed source of forced labor.